Micro-Part Uno, basics up to G+ Flashcards by Austin Shackelford

Which Protozoa is responsible for Malaria?

PLASMODIUM

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What opportunistic fungus causes PCP infections in AIDS patients?

PneumoCystis

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What is the protozoa harbored in CATS that can help them trick helpless mice into not fearing their pee? (can affect crazy cat ladies too)

Toxo-Plasma GONDII

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What are the ONLY two shapes of Gram + cells?

Bacillus and Cocci

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What are the 4 types of free-living Gram -?

Rods(8 of them), Curved Rods (Vibrio-Cholera), Cocci (meningitis), Spir-o-chetes (Syphillis, lyme dis.)

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What do these viruses have in common? Herpes, Hep-B, Papilloma

they are DNA viruses

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What do these viruses have in common? EBOLA, Rubella, Influenza, Mumps, Measles, Hep-C, HIV? RotaViruses, Hep-A, Hep-E, Polio

They are all RNA (HIV is RNA-RetroVirus)

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What do these viruses have in common? Herpes, Hep-B, EBOLA, Rubella, Influenza, Mumps, Measles, Hep-C, HIV

They are all enveloped!

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What do these Viruses have in common? Papilloma, RotaViruses, Hep-A, Hep-E, Polio

They are all naked! (not enveloped) AND THEREFORE HEARTY BASTARDS

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What size is the bacterial Ribosome?

70s (eukaryotic, human/fungal=80s)

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What enzymes are constantly breaking down/reforming peptidoglycan like bone resorption?

Auto-Lysins!

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What is the result of LPS activation of the clotting system in the blood vessels? (BIG CONCEPT on THE map)

Disseminated IntraVascular Coagulation

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What are the three (1, 2a, 2b)products of LPS binding to MacrOphages?

COLLAGENASE(destroy collagen) 2. Prostaglandin (PGE-2) 3. TNF-alpha

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What is the main fxn discussed for the PGE-2 prostaglandin release by MacrOpahges?

Bone Resorption!

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What is the chain reaction of Macrophage release of TNF-alpha? Whats the END result (BIG CONCEPT)?

TNF-alpha—> increase NO production—>relaxation of blood vessels–>HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK (SEPTIC SHOCK)

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What its the enzyme for breaking up peptidoglycan?

Lysozyme

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What is intracellular glucose storage for a bacterium? Extracellular storage?

Intra=Glycogen Extra=DEXTRANS (Caries!!)

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What is the receptor on Macrophages that LPS binds to?

TLR-4 (Toll Like Receptor-4)

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What are these examples of?: Macrophage, Kuppfer Cell, Dendritic Cell, Glial Cell, Alveolar, Neutrophil (large bone, marrow pool)?

PROFESSIONAL Phagocytes

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What antibodies are present on Mast Cells?

IgE…EyEs!! Looking out for insults!

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What is the process of coating antigens with antibodies to enhance phagocytosis?

Opsonization

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What are the receptors on phagocytes that bind the suitcase handle on the pathogen?

The Fc Receptor of the phagocyte binds to the Fc region or the antibody(suitcase holder)

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What are the three types of ExoToxins?

Cytolytic 2. AB exotoxins 3.SuperAntigens

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Which cascade molecules stimulate Mast cells?

C3a and C5a

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Which protein of the AB complex BINDS to the target cell?

B, as in BIND!

Which AB toxin cleaves ribosomal RNA and therefore blocks ribosome function?

Shigella

Which AB exotoxin uses NADH to add ribose to elongation factor and therefore blocks protein synthesis?

DiphTheria

Which AB exotoxin uses NADH to add ribose to G-Proteins?

Cholera

Which AB exotoxin toxin blocks release of inhibitory mediators by intermediate neurons, permitting muscle neurons to continue to fire causing continuous muscle constriction?

Tetanus toxin

Which AB exotoxin toxin blocks vesicles with acetylcholine mediator from fusing with the muscle synapses, thus blocking muscle action, leading to flaccid paralysis?

Botulism Toxin

Which exotoxin inappropriately binds the Thelper cell TCR to HLA class II molecule on AntigenPresentingCells, initiating Thelper cell/macrophage activation? WHAT is the FINAL Result??

This is SuperAntigen Exotoxin, the FINAL result is A CYTOKINE STORM!!!

What is the END result of superantigen of Strep Pyogenes?

Scarlet Fever

What are the three ways we can classify a Strep member?

1.Hemolysis (beta, alpha, gamma) 2.Its Lancefield CHO Antigens (A,B) 3. Its Natural Clusters/loactions

What is the beta-hemolytic strep's affect on RBCs?

COMPLETE hemolysis

What is the alpha-hemolytic streps affect on RBCs?

Changes Hemoglobin shape and therefore changes its color to GREEN!

What is the gamma-hemolytic strep affect on an RBC?

NOTHING!

What are the MAJOR bacterial species found in the oral cavity?

alpha-hemolytic viridans strep...S. Mitis, S. Salivarius, S. Mutans

What is G.A.S. (group-a-strep), has many toxins, and causes step throat, rheumatic fever, cellulitis, and scarlet fever?

Strep Pyogenes

What is Beta-hemolytic, has a Capsule, and causes neonatal sepsis (birth canal flora)? (hint: battle star galactitca)

S. Agalactiae

What is alpha-hemolytic, has a capsule, and causes MENINGITIS, pneumonia, and ear infections?

S. Pneumoniae

Which hypersensitivity type is most serious?

Type I

What is the skin manifestation of BOTH Strep AND Staph pyogenic infection?

Impetigo

What are the three main strep pyogenic/LOCAL infections?

Strep Throat, Impetigo, and Cellulitis

What are the two main toxic systemic diseases of strep?

Scarlet Fever and Strep Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)

What are the two main Sequelae diseases of strep? What are their sensitivity types?

Rheumatic Fever (Type II), and Glomerulonephritis (Type III)

Which of the three exotoxin classes is at the root of Scarlet Fever and Strep Toxic Shock-LIKE Syndrome? (end result is a cytokine storm)

Superantigen! (Toxin "glues" TCR's to Class II MHCs)

Which Type of hypersensativiy has to do with the coke bottle and the water bottle looking similar and therefore the body mounts a response agains both pathogen and self receptors?

Type II.....Think Two bottles!

What type of hypersensitivity is caused by the formation of complexes that can gather "like leaves on the storm drain during the fall?" (which then macrophages come and indescriminantly eat)

Type III...Think Fall is the third season

Coagulase+, yellow colony o Protein A, many secreted enzymes & toxins o Frequently drug resistant o Food poisoning, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome, nosocomial infections, skin infections: abscesses (stye, boil, carbuncle) and impetigo

S. Aureus

No coagulase, white colony o Capsule o Frequently drug resistant o Catheter & prosthetic implant infections

S. Epidermis

No coagulase, white colony, Urinary tract infections in young women (behind E.Coli)

S. SAP-RO-PHY-TI-CUS

What is the disease caused by Exfoliative toxin? What stage of infection is it?

Scalded Skin Syndrome...Systemic Toxic diesase

What staph invades via catheters/ needle inn?

Staph Epidermis

Which bug am I?? causes abscesses, pyogenic infections (endocarditis and osteomyelitis). Food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome

Staph Aureus

Which bug can cause SUB-acute endocarditis?

Gram + Staph Epidermidis

Staph Aureus has Protein ___ and ____-hemolytic features. It also has ______ acid to help it adhere to mucosal cells.

Protein A....beta-hemolytic....Teichoic Acid

What is the Staph Aureus toxin that causes vomiting and water disrrhea?

Enterotoxin

What two bugs cause toxic shock syndrome?

Staph Aureus and Strep Pyogenes

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Staph Aureus

Impetigo- honey colored crests

Staph Aureus (impetigo can also be caused by Strept Pyogenes)

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Staph Aureus

Sub-Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Strep Viridans-Strep Mutans, Strep Viridans

What is THE group A, beta-hymolyic bug?

Strept Pyogenes

Scarlet Fever/Strawberry Tongue

Strept Pyogenes

What is a prime example of a Lansfield group B bug?

Strept Ag-al-act-iae

What is more virulent: Sub-Acute EndoCarditis or Acute Endocarditis?

Acute Endocarditis (Staph Aureus) is more virulent than Sub-Acute Endocarditis (Viridans Strept)

What is the #1 bug that causes adult meningitis?

Strept Pneumoniae

What is the #1 bug that causes pneumonia in adults?

Strept Pneumoniae

What G+ bug causes anthrax? What are the manifestations on the skin called?

bacillus anthracis...black eschars (I guess its painless!)

What is a common cause of food poisoning (besides Staph Aureus) from ingestion of reheated grains/rice? (wow I've probably got some of this swimming around me right now)

bacillus cereus

What causes the Childhood disease Diptheriae?

Corynebacterium Diptheriae

What is the famous bacteria that has a Glutamic Acid capsule instead of the normal capsule?

Bacillus Anthracis

What is the ONLY gram + rod that makes LPS?!?! Yes! LPS in a G+!! Holy Shit!!! (Poor Blue Bell Ice Cream)

Listeria MonoCytoGenes

What is the mode of transmission for Diptheriae?

Respiratory Droplets

Which bug causes a grey pseudomembrane on the THroat?

corynebacterium dipTHeriae

Which G+ anaerobe produces a toxin that BLOCKS the release of the inhibitory mediator GABA?

Clostridium Tetani

Which G+ anaerobe produces a toxin that blocks the release of acetylcholine?

Clostridium Botulinum

What bug causes gas gangrene?

Clostridium Perfringens

What is the G+ bug that causes pseudomembranous colitis?

Clostridium Difficile

What is cryptococcus' main virulence factor?

a capsule

What are the TORCH infection bugs?

Toxoplasma, Other-6 ((Coxsackie, VZV, Chlamydia, HIV, Syphillis, Hep B)), Rubella (measles), CMV, HSV-2