Microbes in Human Welfare

Question 1

Bacteria used in Curd

Answer 1

Lactobacillus- LAB Lactic Acid Bacteria

Question 2

Bread

Answer 2

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)

Question 3

Swiss cheese

Answer 3

Propionibacterium sharmanii

Question 4

Name beverages produced without distillation + microbe

Answer 4

Wine and beer
Alcohol content is less
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 5

Beverages produced by distillation + microbe

Answer 5

Whisky, brandy, rum
Alcohol content is more
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 6

What is Penicillin + microbe

Answer 6

Penicillin is an antibiotic
Wonder drug
Penicilllium notatum

Question 7

Microbe used for fermentation of ethanol/ethyl alcohol

Answer 7

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 8

Cyclosporin A- microbe + function

Answer 8

MEDICINE

Trichoderma polysporum (fungus)

function: immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients (Xeno-graft)

Question 9

Statins: microbe + function

Answer 9

MEDICINE

Monascus purpureus (fungus)

function: blood cholesterol lowering agent

Question 10

Gluconic acid: derived from

Answer 10

Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp (fungi)

Question 11

Itaconic acid: derived from

Answer 11

Aspergillus itaconicus, Aspergillus terreus
(fungi)

Question 12

Acetic acid(vinegar): derived from

Answer 12

Acetobacter sp

Question 13

Citric acid: derived from

Answer 13

Aspergillus niger

Question 14

Butyric acid: derived from

Answer 14

Clostridium butylicum

Question 15

Lactic acid: derived from

Answer 15

Lactobacillus

Question 16

Enzymes: Pectinases and Proteases: derived from + function

Answer 16

Derived from fungi

function: Clarification of fruit juices

Question 17

Enzymes: Lipases: derived from + function

Answer 17

derived from fungi

function: In detergent formulations and to remove oily (lipid) stain from laundry

Question 18

Enzymes: Streptokinase: derived from + function

Answer 18

Streptococcus

Function: Clot buster for removing clots from patients who have suffered from myocardial infarction

Question 19

How is biogas produced: Steps

Answer 19

Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of animal waste

Step 1: HYDROLYSIS
Hydrolytic bacteria like Ruminococcus flavefaciens convert the organic polymers present in animal waste to monomers

Step 2: ACID FORMATION
Acetogenic bacteria like Acetivibrio cellulolyticus converts these monomers to simple compounds like CO2 NH3 and H2

Step 3: METHANE FORMATION
Methanogens (anaerobic bacteria) converts the simple compounds to CH4 and CO2

Question 20

Microbes that get rid of insect pests, mosquito larvae

Answer 20

Bacillus thuringiensis (bacteria)

Question 21

Ladybird and dragonfly as biocontrol agents

Answer 21

Ladybird: Gets rid of aphids
Dragonfly: Gets rid of mosquitoes

Question 22

Use of Trichoderma

Answer 22

It is a fungus used to control many plant diseases, effective in root ecosystems

Question 23

Baculovirus that acts as a biocontrol agent

Answer 23

Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Acts against insects and arthropods

Question 24

Rhizobium

Answer 24

Seen in root nodules of leguminous plants

Nitrogen fixation (Symbiotic)

Question 25

Nitrogen fixation (free living)

Answer 25

Azospirillum and Azotobacter

Question 26

Mycorrhiza

Answer 26

fungi Seen in roots of higher plants supplies Mineral elements, drought resistance (symbiotic)

Question 27

Cyanobacteria BGA

Answer 27

* Nitrogen fixation * Algal biomass accumulates as organic matter * Stimulates growth of rice seedling * Helps in reclamation of saline and alkaline soil

Question 28

What is IPM

Answer 28

Integrated pest management is a technique that integrates the various cultural and biological methods of pest control to ensure continued production of the crops without the excessive use of pesticides

Question 29

Name some methods of IPM

Answer 29

* Cultural: crop rotation, mulching, proper spacing, weeding etc * Physical and mechanical methods- catching and killing rodents * Use of resistant varieties * Biological methods- Use of parasites and predators * Sanitation: burning/removal of infected residues