Microbial Diseases: Skin and Eyes Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
Complete epidermis is replaced _______.
A
monthly
2
Q
They provide H2O, amino acids, and lipids for some microbes.
A
Sweat and sebum
3
Q
It inhibits microbes.
A
Salt
4
Q
It hydrolyzes peptidoglycan.
A
Lysozyme
5
Q
They line body cavities.
A
Mucous membranes
6
Q
Where are epithelial cells attached to?
A
Extracellular matrix
7
Q
Normal microbiota include:
A
Gram-positive and salt-tolerant bacteria and fungi
8
Q
Small, fluid-filled
A
Vesicles
9
Q
Larger than 1cm in diameter
A
Bullae
10
Q
Flat, reddened lesions
A
Macules
11
Q
Raised lesions
A
Papules
12
Q
Raised lesions with pus
A
Pustules
13
Q
Skin rash that arises from disease conditions.
A
Exanthem
14
Q
Rash on mucous membranes, such as the interior of the mouth.
A
Enanthem
15
Q
Antibiotic resistant, resists opsonization, survives in phagolysosome; lysozyme-resistant.
A
Staphylococcus aureus
16
Q
Many strains of Staphylococcus aureus produce _________ and ________ ; produces endotoxins.
A
penicillinase and leukocidin
17
Q
Coagulase-negative, unlike S. aureus.
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis
18
Q
Infections of the hair follicles.
A
Folliculitis
19
Q
Folliculitis of an eyelash.
A
Sty
20
Q
Deep-seated infection in and around hair follicles. A type of abscess that’s hard to treat.
A
Furuncle (Boil)
21
Q
Extensive invasion of neighboring tissues. Several openings for pus discharge; generalized symptoms.
A
Carbuncle
22
Q
It is highly contagious.
A
Impetigo
23
Q
Usually self-limiting, common skin disease in children; peak incidence at 2-6 years of age; around nose and mouth.
A
Nonbullous (crusting) sores
24
Q
How does nonbullous (crusting) sores spread?
A
By autoinoculation
25
Impetigo of the newborn; causes exfoliation.
Pemphigus neonatorum
26
Gram-positive cocci often grow in chains.
Streptococci
27
Virulence factors of streptococci:
1. Hemolysins
2. Streptokinase
3. Hyaluronidase
4. M protein
28
Classification of streptococci according to type of hemolysis:
1. Alpha
2. Beta
3. Gamma
29
Red patches, raised margins; often preceded by strep throat; commonly first affects dermal layers face.
Erysipelas
30
Severe and rapid tissue destruction due to phage-encoded toxins.
Necrotizing fasciitis
31
Protease leading to wide spread tissue necrosis.
Exotoxin B
32
Super antigen often leads to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (streptococcal TSS).
Exotoxin A
33
Gram-negative, aerobic rod; ubiquitous; resistant to many disinfectants and antibiotics.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
34
Opportunistic pathogen, frequent cause of nosocomial infections, some community-acquired.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
35
It produces a blue-green pus.
Pyocyanin
36
Self-limiting rash, often from contaminated water.
Pseudomonas dermatitis
37
Infection of the external ear canal.
Otitis externa (Swimmer's ear)
38
Can have blue-green pus.
Post-burn infections
39
Associated with inadequately chlorinated pools and hot tubs.
Hot tub folliculitis
40
Pseudomonad infections:
1. Pseudomonas aeriguinosa
2. Pseudomonas dermatitis
3. Otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)
4. Respiratory infections
5. Post-burn infections
6. Folliculitis
7. Hot tub folliculitis
41
Most common skin disease.
Acne
42
They form when sebum accumulates in the follicle.
Whiteheads (Comedos)
43
It forms when the blockage protrudes through the skin.
Blackhead (Comedone)
44
Types of Acne:
1. Comedonal (mild) acne
2. Inflammatory (moderate) acne
3. Nodular cystic (severe) acne
45
Treated by topical agents that do not prevent sebum formation.
Comedonal (mild) acne
46
It can be caused by Propionibacterium acnes, leading to pustules and papules. Treatment by preventing sebum formation.
Inflammatory (moderate) acne
47
Nodules or cysts form, which leave prominent scars; Treatment by preventing sebum formation.
Nodular cystic (severe) acne
48
a.k.a. papillomas; benign skin growths caused by papilloma viruses.
Warts
49
How do warts spread?
By direct contact
50
Transmitted via the respiratory route. Lesions progress to pustules after 10 or so days. No animal host reservoirs .
Smallpox (Variola)
51
Transmitted through the respiratory route; localizes in skin cells after 2 weeks. The infected skin is vesicular for 3 to 4 days.
Chickenpox (Varicella)
52
This virus can remain latent in the body; they enter the central nerve ganglia.
Herpesvirus varicella zoster (human herpesvirus 3).
53
Caused by reactivation of the herpesvirus varicella zoster (herpes zoster).
Shingles
54
Painful, short-lived vesicles that occur near the outer red margin of the lips. The virus usually remains latent in the trigeminal nerve ganglia.
Cold sores
55
Diseases by Herpes simplex virus 1:
1. Cold sores
2. Herpes gladiatorum
3. Herpetic whitlow
4. Herpes encephalitis
56
Vesicles on skin
Herpes gladiatorum
57
On fingers; caused by contact with lesions.
Herpetic whitlow
58
Very rare, inflammation of the brain.
Herpes encephalitis
59
Caused by measles virus transmitted by respiratory route.
Measles (rubeola)
60
Small red spots with central blue-white specks on oral mucosa.
Macular rash and Koplik's spots
61
Complications of measles:
1. Middle ear infections pneumonia
2. Secondary bacterial infections
3. Encephalitis (rare)
62
Caused by rubella virus; transmitted through respiratory route. Macular rash of small red spots and a light fever.
Rubella (German measles)
63
Has symptoms similar to influenza, but with a "slapped-cheek" facial rash; caused by human parvovirus 19.
Erythema infectiosum
64
Caused by fungi called dermatophytes.
Cutaneous mycoses/dermatomycoses
65
Scalp ringworm
Tinea capitis
66
Jock itch/groin ringworm
Tinea cruris
67
Athlete's foot
Tinea pedis
68
Ringworm in nails
Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
69
Fungi that colonize the hair, nails, and stratum corneum; involved in cutaneous mycosis.
Dermatophytes
70
Examples of dermatophytes:
1. Trichophyton
2. Microsporum
3. Epidermophyton
71
Hair, skin, or nails
Trichophyton
72
Hair or skin
Microsporum
73
Skin and nails
Epidermophyton
74
Caused by fungi that inhabit the soil
Subcutaneous mycoses
75
Caused by Sporothrix schenkii from soil; penetrates through wound.
Sporotrichosis/Rose gardener's disease
76
Caused by Candida; may result from suppression of competing bacteria by antibiotics.
Candidiasis
77
Oral candidiasis is called:
thrush
78
Caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei that burrrow and lay eggs in skin. Intimate contact transmission.
Scabies
79
Caused by lice.
Pediculosis
80
Pediculosis in hair.
Pediculus humanus capitis
81
Body lice
Pediculus humanus humanus
82
Crab lice in pubic hair.
Pthirus pubis
83
Infection of the eye membrane.
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
84
Causative agents of conjunctivitis:
1. Haemophilus influenzae
2. Pseudomonas
3. Adenovirus
85
Large amounts of pus are formed; if treatment is delayed, ulceration of the cornea will usually result. Acquired as the infant passes through birth canal.
Ophthalmia neonatorum
86
Can be acquired from birth canal; in infants, usually resolves spontaneously; if not, can lead to scarring of cornea; can be acquired from swimming pools.
Inclusion conjunctivitis
87
Caused by C. trachomatis but not the same serotype as above.
Transmitted largely by hand contact or by sharing such personal objects; can lead to trichiasis, an in-turning of eyelashes.
Trachoma
88
It can lead to scarring of the cornea and blindness.
Corneal abrasion
89
Infection of the cornea that results in deep ulcers; caused by HSV1.
Herpetic keratitis
90
Associated with the wearing of contact lenses. In the early stages only a mild inflammation, later stages often accompanied by severe pain.
Acanthamoeba keratitis
