Microbial Genetics

Question 1

What is the building block, nucleotide, composed of?

Answer 1

• Nitrogenous base
• Five carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
• Three phosphate groups

Question 2

Deoxyribose is in ___ and Ribose is in ____.

Answer 2

DNA, RNA

Question 3

What are the five components of nucleic acids?

Answer 3

Purine
Pyrimidines
Sugars
Nucleoside
Nucleotide

Question 4

True/False. Purines could be adenine or guanine and consist of two joined carbon rings with 5 and 6 members.

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

What are the components of Pyrimidines?

Answer 5

Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

Question 6

A ____ has a phosphate added on the 5’ position and _____ has a sugar bound to a purine or pyrimidine base.

Answer 6

Nucleotide, Nucleoside

Question 7

How many carbon rings make up pyrimidines?

Answer 7

six

Question 8

Ture/False. The sugar of a nucleic acid is connected to the nitrogenous base via position 5.

Answer 8

False. Its connected via position 1

Question 9

What connects the nitrogenous base of a nucleic acid to position 1 of the sugar?

Answer 9

Glycosidic bond from N1 of pyrimidine and N9 of purine

Question 10

True/False. A always matches with T in 2 hydrogen bands and G always matches with C in 3 hydrogen bands.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

From which end is a sequence read from start to finish?

Answer 11

5’ to 3’ end

Question 12

What does the coding or sense strand have the same sequence as?

Answer 12

mRNA

Question 13

The template or antisense strand directs the synthesis of mRNA via ____.

Answer 13

Complementary base pairing

Question 14

What is the first step of DNA replication?

Answer 14

The helicases unwind the parental double helix.

Question 15

True/False. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction by DNA polymerase.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

How is the lagging strand of DNA replication synthesized?

Answer 16

Synthesized discontiuously

Question 17

What makes up the Okazaki fragment?

Answer 17

Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer which is extended by DNA polymerase

Question 18

What happens after the RNA primer is replaced by another DNA polymerase during replication?

Answer 18

DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragment to the growing strand

Question 19

What pairs with Adenine in RNA?

Answer 19

Uracil

Question 20

What is the location of both DNA and RNA?

Answer 20

DNA - Nuclear location

RNA - Cytoplasmic location

Question 21

True/False. Prokaryotic cells are polycistronic or monotronic and Eukaryotic cells are polycistronic.

Answer 21

False. Prokaryotic are only polycistronic and Eukaryotic are polycistronic or monotronic.

Question 22

Single RNA polymerase is a characteristic of _____ cells and RNA polymerase I, II, and III is a characteristic of _____ cells.

Answer 22

Prokaryotic cells, Eukaryotic cells

Question 23

There are ___ nucleotides and ___ amino acids in each codon.

Answer 23

4 nucleotides and 20 amino acids

Question 24

What changes the sequence of DNA?

Answer 24

Mutations

Question 25

Can any base pair of DNA be mutated?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

How do induced mutation mutagens act directly?

Answer 26

By modifying a particular base or being incorporated into the nucleic acid

Question 27

What are silent mutations?

Answer 27

Mutations without apparent effect: there can be a base change in DNA without a change in amino acids or there can be a change in amino acids but no function change for protein

Question 28

What occurs in Missense mutation?

Answer 28

There is a change in codon, amino acid and protein function

Question 29

___ is a change in a coding codon to a termination codon, resulting in premature termination.

Answer 29

Nonsense mutation

Question 30

Frameshift mutation

Answer 30

Inserting or deleting number of base pairs other than a multiple of 3

Question 31

What is transformation?

Answer 31

Acquisition of new genetic markers by incorporation of added DNA

Question 32

What is the "mating" between two bacteria involving transfer of genetic material?

Answer 32

Conjunction

Question 33

_____ is the transfer of bacterial gene from one to another by a phage and ____ is the movement of a genetic material to a new site in the genome.

Answer 33

Transduction, Transposition