Microbial Interactions Flashcards
1
Q
are interactions between
two different species
A
interspecific interaction
2
Q
refers to the interactions
between two individuals of the same species
A
intraspecific interaction
3
Q
- Interactions between diverse microbial populations can be
A
positive interactions
negative interactions
nutrient cycling interactions
4
Q
indicate if positive or negative interaction
mutualism
A
positive
5
Q
indicate if positive or negative interaction
protocooperation
A
positive
6
Q
indicate if positive or negative interaction
commensalism
A
positive
7
Q
s the struggle between two organisms
for the same resources within an environment.
predatio
A
negative
8
Q
s the struggle between two organisms
for the same resources within an environment.
parasitism
A
negative
9
Q
s the struggle between two organisms
for the same resources within an environment.
amensalism
A
negative
10
Q
s the struggle between two organisms
for the same resources within an environment.
competition
A
negative
11
Q
- is the struggle between two organisms
for the same resources within an environment
A
competition
12
Q
- is a biological interaction where one
organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism,
its prey.
A
predation
13
Q
is the interaction between two dissimilar
organisms living in close physical association
A
symbiosis
14
Q
an organism living in symbiosis with
another.
A
symbionts
15
Q
symbiosis can be (3)
A
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
16
Q
microorganism
remains outside the other organism
A
ectosymbiosis
17
Q
microorganism is
found within the other organism
A
endosymbiosis
18
Q
ectomycorrhiza what kind of symbiosis
A
ectosymbiosis
19
Q
majority of endosymbionts are
A
parasites
20
Q
microorganism lives both on the inside
and the outside of the other organism
A
ecto/endosymbiosis
21
Q
no interaction between species A and B
A
neutralism
22
Q
interaction needed to survive in the habitat, and specific species are required
A
mutualism and symbiosis
23
Q
interaction needed to survive in the habitat, but specific species are not required
A
protocooperation
24
Q
growth is one is improved by another
A
synergism (synthrophism)
25
one benefits and the other is not harmed or helped
commensalism
26
organism in the environment attempts to acquire limiting nutrient
competition
27
host is usually compromised
parasitism and predation
28
products of one impact another
amensalism (antagonism)
29
Lichens, mycorhizae, root nodules:
Microorganisms associated with sponges, jellyfish, sea anemones,
and corals;b
Bacteria associated with insects and aphids
what kind microbial interactions
mutualism and symbiosis
30
Interspecies hydrogen transfer-specific species required;
cross-feeding of acetate between bacterial species
what kind of microibali nteraction
synergisn (synthrophism)
31
Nitrification with Nitrosomonas oxidizing ammonia to nitrite and
Nitrobacter oxidizing nitrite to nitrate
what kind of microbial interaction
commensalism
32
Soil bacteria compete with fungi for soluble nutrients
what kind of microbial interaction
competition
33
Bdellovibrio sp. and BALO require Gram-negative host for growth;
cells of myxobacteria move as wolfpacks and digest other
bacteria; protozoa engulf bacteria for nutrients
what kind of interaction
parasitism and predation
34
End products of metabolism inhibit other bacteria; production of
antibiotics and bacteriocins; production of viruses active against
bacteria and other microorganisms
what kind of interaction
Amensalism (antagonism)
35
microorganism A - no effect
microorganism B - no effect
neutralism
36
microorganism A - +
microorganism B - no effect
commensalism
37
microorganism A - no effect
microorganism B - -
amensalism
38
microorganism A - +
microorganism B - +
mutualism
synergism
protocooperation
symbiosis
39
microorganism A - -
microorganism B - -
competition
40
microorganism A - +
microorganism B - -
parasitism
41
microorganism A - +
microorganism B - -
predation
42
❑In routine culture transfer procedure
positive or negative interaction?
positive
43
positive or negative interaction?
colonization of natural habitats
positive
44
positive or negative interaction?
colony formation
positive
45
positive or negative interaction?
biofilm formation
positive
46
positive or negative interaction?
degrading insoluble subtrate
positive
47
positive or negative interaction?
genetic exchange
positive
48
positive or negative interaction?
if all use same substrate occupying the same niche
negative
49
natural habitats with low concentration of available
positive or negative interaction?
negative
50
microorganisms have no effect on
each other despite their growth in
fairly close contact.
neutralism
51
* perhaps possible for ___to
occur in natural communities if
the culture density is low, the
nutrient level is high, and each
culture has distinct requirements
for growth.
neturalism
52
relationship in which one symbiont, the commensal, benefits while the other
(sometimes called the host) is neither harmed nor helped (neutral)
commensalism
53
benefits in commensalism
commensal
54
other organism in commensalism
host
55
relationship is casual in that there is no requirement for a specific species
(when the commensal is separated from its host experimentally, it can
survive without being provided some factor or factors of host origin).
commensalism
56
arises when different microorganisms within a population or community try
to acquire the same resource, whether this is a physical location or a
particular limiting nutrient
competition
57
states that two species with identical ecological niches cannot coexist indefinitely in the same environment because they would compete for the same resources
competitive exclusion principle
58
describe the competitive exclusion principle
E.F. Gause
59
When
competition between species results in the elimination of one species
from a given habitat or region)
competitive exclusion principle
60
occurs when one species obtains
nutrients from another for the
purpose of cell growth
parasitism
61
* It can involve physical maintenance
in or on the host.
parasitism
62
Characterized by relatively long
period of contact
parasitism
63
microorganisms specifically target other microorganisms for
materials that enable the predator to survive.
predation
64
In ___world the distinction between parasitism and predation is not
sharp
microbial
65
common that the larger animal eats the smaller one, however, with
microorganisms the predator may be smaller than the prey
predation
66
A relationship in which the product of
one organism has negative effect on
other organism.
amensalism
67
exclusion of an organism from growing
on a specific site not because space is
required for the dominant bacteria but
to exclude the other bacterium from
utilizing limiting nutrients.
amensalism
68
The production of antibiotics
that can inhibit or kill a susceptible
microorganism / Metabolic End
Products as Antagonists – lactic acid in
fermentation
amensalism
69
* A positive (not obligate) symbiosis which involves syntrophic (one organism
lives off the byproducts of another) relationships - cross feeding
syntrophism
70
may enable a second organism to remove end products of
metabolism from another organism and thereby enable both organisms to
grow at an optimal rate
syntrophy
71
* Differs from mutualism because cooperative relationship is not obligatory.
syntrophism
72
example of synthrophism
thiobacillus and methanosarcina benefitting from geobacter's electron
73
Defines the relationship in which some reciprocal benefit
accrues to both partners
mutalism
74
* Relationship with some degree of obligation
mutualism
75
* Partners are specific and cannot live separately
mutualism
76
Is a result from the intermicrobial
symbiosis between fungi with septate
hyphae and cyanobacteria.
lichen
77
generally an
ascomycete; however, in tropical
regions several examples with
basidiomycete fungi
mycobiant
78
mycobiant is a
FUNGI
79
is a single species
forming a bipartite association; in a few
cases a tripartite association is formed
where the phycobiant contains two
photosynthetic organisms: a
cyanobacterium plus a green alga
phycobiant
80
blue green algae is a
bacteria
81
* Lichen thallus is designated as
foliose
crustose
fruticose
82
view lichen thallus
+1
83
lichen thallus with a compact layer of fungal cells
medullary layer
84
lichen thallus with algal layer
photobiont layer
85
layer of lichen that take up water and nutrients from the soil
fungal
86
later in lichen that form a thinl ayer just under the surface
photosynthetic algal cells
