Roles of Microbes in Biogeochemical Cycle

Question 1

Cycle of essential nutrients in the biosphere.

Answer 1

biogeochemical cycle

Question 2

Biosphere contains all the (4) and other essential nutrients to support life

Answer 2

minerals
water
oxygen
carbon

Question 3

is a closed system thus no chemicals can enter and leave this planet (Nutrients are recycled).

Answer 3

biosphere

Question 4

Biosphere is a __system thus no chemicals can enter and leave this planet (Nutrients are recycled).

Answer 4

close

Question 5

Are compounds in foods essential to life and health, providing energy, the building blocks for repair and growth and substances necessary to regulate chemical processes.

Answer 5

nutrient

Question 6

Essential nutrients required in fairly large quantities

Answer 6

macronutrient

Question 7

example of macronutrient

Answer 7

carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
phosphorus
sulfur

Question 8

examples of micronutrients

Answer 8

iron
zinc
copper
iodine

Question 9

Represents the natural capital or nutrient pool from which the elements accumulated in large quantities on Earth.

Answer 9

reservoir

Question 10

The cycle of carbon and oxygen in the biosphere.

Answer 10

carbon-oxygen cycle

Question 11

The main element composition of organic compounds.

Answer 11

carbon

Question 12

Found in all living organisms.

Answer 12

carbon

Question 13

The end product of organic metabolism such as

Answer 13

fermentation
fuel combustion
exhalation

Question 14

Required by plants to produce starch in the process called photosynthesis.

Answer 14

carbon

Question 15

plants require carbon to produce ___in the process called photosynthesis.

Answer 15

starch

Question 16

Required by plants to produce starch in the process called ___.

Answer 16

photosynthesis

Question 17

draw the carbon-oxygen cycle

Answer 17

+1 (slide 7)

Question 18

Essential in the formation of energy in the living organism (cellular respiration).

Answer 18

oxygen

Question 19

The end product of photosynthesis.

Answer 19

oxygen

Question 20

required by aquatic organisms like fish and some aquatic invertebrates.

Answer 20

dissolve O2

Question 21

draw the oxygen cycle process

Answer 21

+1 (slide 10)

Question 22

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere (80%) total volume of air in the atmosphere.

Answer 22

nitrogen

Question 23

Essential part of amino acid that made up proteins and nitrogenous compounds.

Answer 23

nitrogen

Question 24

five major stages of nitrogen cycle

Answer 24

nitrogen fixation
ammonification
nitrification
nitrogen assimilation
denitrification

Question 25

The process by which nitrogen from the atmosphere is changed into ammonium ions.

Answer 25

nitrogen fixation

Question 26

nitrogen fixation is carried out by

Answer 26

nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 27

nitrogen fixing bacteria example

Answer 27

rhizobium sp.

Question 28

are bacteria that lives in then odules of the roots of legumes

Answer 28

rhizobium

Question 29

rhizobium are bacteria that lives in then ___ of the roots of legumes

Answer 29

nodule

Question 30

rhizobium are bacteria that lives in then nodules of the ___of legumes

Answer 30

roots

Question 31

rhizobium are bacteria that lives in then nodules of the roots of ___

Answer 31

legumes

Question 32

The process by which ammonia is converted into nitrates.

Answer 32

nitrification

Question 33

nitrification is the process by which ___is converted into nitrates.

Answer 33

ammonia

Question 34

nitrification is the process by which ammonia is converted into ___.

Answer 34

nitrates

Question 35

nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen from the atmosphere is changed into ___ions.

Answer 35

ammonium

Question 36

___convert ammonia to nitrite (NO2) and finally to nitrates(NO3).

Answer 36

rhizobium

Question 37

Rhizobium convert ammonia to ___(NO2) and finally to ___(NO3).

Answer 37

nitrite nitrates

Question 38

The process by which nitrogen is incorporated into proteins by plants, and later eaten by animals and incorporate protein in their body.

Answer 38

nitrogen assimilation

Question 39

is produced from the waste product of organisms.

Answer 39

ammonia

Question 40

Ammonia is also created by decomposers from decomposing dead __ ___.

Answer 40

organic mater

Question 41

Waste returns to the soil as ___(urine) and other compounds that are converted to ammonia.

Answer 41

urea

Question 42

Waste returns to the soil as urea (urine) and other compounds that are converted to ___.

Answer 42

ammonia

Question 43

The process by which excess nitrates is broken down in the soil and nitrogen returns to the atmosphere.

Answer 43

denitrification

Question 44

Denitrification is carried out by ___bacteria found in the soil.

Answer 44

denitrifying

Question 45

study nitrogen cycle

Answer 45

IMPORTANT!

Question 46

Part of important life sustaining molecules such as DNA, RNA, and ATP.

Answer 46

phosphorus

Question 47

unlike other element like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen does not enter the atmosphere,

Answer 47

phosphorus

Question 48

Phosphorus unlike other element like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen does not enter the atmosphere, instead it is found on land in ___ and ___

Answer 48

rocks and soil minerals ocean sediments

Question 49

Phosphorus exist in our environment in the form of ___ ___.

Answer 49

inorganic phosphate

Question 50

As the rocks and sediments gradually wear down, ___is released (weathering – breaking of rocks).

Answer 50

phosphate

Question 51

breaking of rocks

Answer 51

weathering

Question 52

On land, some of the phosphate washes into ___ and __where it dissolves.

Answer 52

rivers streams

Question 53

The phosphate eventually makes way to the ocean, where it is used by ___organisms.

Answer 53

marine

Question 54

Plants absorb phosphate from ___or from ___, then plants bind this phosphate into organic compounds.

Answer 54

soil water

Question 55

Plants absorb phosphate from soil or from water, then ___bind this phosphate into organic compounds.

Answer 55

plants

Question 56

Plants absorb phosphate from soil or from water, then plants bind this phosphate into __compounds.

Answer 56

organic

Question 57

Organic phosphate moves through the __ ___, from producers to consumers, and to the rest of the ecosystem.

Answer 57

food web

Question 58

When an organism dies, ___do their jobs by decomposing the dead organism.

Answer 58

decomposers

Question 59

Some of the ___coming from the organism will return back to the environment, and the cycle repeats itself.

Answer 59

phosphate

Question 60

study phosahorus cycle

Answer 60

+1

Question 61

It is taken up as sulfate from the soil (or seawater) by plants and algae.

Answer 61

sulfur

Question 62

sulfur is taken up as __ from the soil by plants and algae

Answer 62

sulfur

Question 63

It is used to make two of the essential amino acids needed to make proteins.

Answer 63

sulfur

Question 64

amino acids with sulfur

Answer 64

L-cysteine L-methionine

Question 65

It is also needed in some co-enzymes. 

Answer 65

sulfur

Question 66

Sulfur is distributed in the earth’s crust in the form of (3)

Answer 66

sulfates sulfides native sulfur

Question 67

SO4

Answer 67

sulfate

Question 68

sulfides

Answer 68

H2s

Question 69

native sulfur

Answer 69

S

Question 70

The largest reservoir of biologically useful sulfur is found in the __

Answer 70

ocean

Question 71

Sulfur is locked in rocks and minerals and in the form of ___ ___

Answer 71

sulfate

Question 72

Sulfur is locked in rocks and minerals and in the form of sulfate (SO4) salts or buried deep under __ __

Answer 72

ocean sediments

Question 73

Sulfur also enters the atmosphere from several natural sources like;

Answer 73

released from active volcanoes organic matter brokwn down by anaerobic decomposers in flooded swamps, bogs, and tidal flats

Question 74

Particles of ___(SO4) salts (ex. ammonium sulfate) enter the atmosphere from sea spray, dust storms and forest fires.

Answer 74

sulfate

Question 75

Particles of sulfate (SO4) salts (ex. __sulfate) enter the atmosphere from sea spray, dust storms and forest fires.

Answer 75

ammonium

Question 76

Particles of sulfate (SO4) salts (ex. ammonium sulfate) enter the atmosphere from (3)

Answer 76

sea spray dust storms forest fires

Question 77

Plant roots absorb sulfate ions and incorporate the sulfur as an essential component of many ___.

Answer 77

proteins

Question 78

Sulfates (SO4) are also reduced by anaerobic bacterial action into ___

Answer 78

hydrogen sulfides (H2S)

Question 79

Sulfates (SO4) are also reduced by anaerobic bacterial action into hydrogen sulfides (H2S), which in turn oxidizes to

Answer 79

sulfur (S) and water (H2O)

Question 80

The sulfide ions can then react with ___ions to form insoluble metallic sulfides (which are deposited as rock or metal ores and are often extracted by mining and converted to various metals).

Answer 80

metal ions

Question 81

which are deposited as rock or metal ores and are often extracted by mining and converted to various metals

Answer 81

metallic sulfides

Question 82

Human activities that releases sulfur to the atmosphere includes (3)

Answer 82

Burning sulfur-containing coal and oil to produce electric power. Refining sulfur-containing oil (petroleum) to make gasoline, heating oil, and other useful products. Extraction of metals such as copper, lead, and zinc from sulfur-containing compounds in rocks that are mined for these metals.

Question 83

study sulfur cycle

Answer 83

+1

Question 84

Nitrogen (the most abundant form) in nature is in its gaseous form t/f

Answer 84

true

Question 85

Denitrification is the process that convert nitrogen into nitrogen gas t/f

Answer 85

true

Question 86

Carbon is the major component of inorganic molecules t/f

Answer 86

false

Question 87

Decomposition is a process carried out by microbes in order to return essential nutrients back to the environment t/f

Answer 87

true

Question 88

Nitrogen fixation is carried out by denitrifying bacteria t/f

Answer 88

false

Question 89

Oxygen is an end product of cellular respiration t/f

Answer 89

false

Question 90

Phosphorus in nature is stored in rocks and sediments t/f

Answer 90

ture

Question 91

Sulfur is an element found in DNA t/f

Answer 91

false

Question 92

Methionine is a sulfur containing amino acid t/f

Answer 92

true

Question 93

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks to sediments t/f

Answer 93

true