Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

Energy-releasing processes (breakdown)

Answer 1

catabolism

Question 2

Energy-using processes (building)

Answer 2

anabolism

Question 3

The substance oxidized in a redox rxn (fuel)

Answer 3

Electron donor

Question 4

The substance being reduced in a redox rxn (high energy e- carriers)

Answer 4

Electron acceptors

Question 5

NAD+ is reduced to ___

Answer 5

NADH

Question 6

FAD is reduced to ___

Answer 6

FADH2

Question 7

OIL RIG

Answer 7

Oxidation Is Loss
Reduction Is Gain

Question 8

T/F: ATP can be stored in cells for long periods of time

Answer 8

FALSE it needs to be used quickly and constantly needs to be synthesized

Question 9

How is energy released from ATP?

Answer 9

when the bond holding the last phosphate group on the molecule is broken

Question 10

What does a broken ATP produce?

Answer 10

ADP (adenosine phosphate)
a free phosphate group

Question 11

What is the terminal e- acceptor in respiration?

Answer 11

O2

Question 12

When does fermentation occur?

Answer 12

when there is little to no O2

Question 13

When does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

Answer 13

during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 14

When does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 14

only when terminal e- is present

Question 15

Phosphorylases

Answer 15

removes a phosphate from ATP

Question 16

Kinases

Answer 16

adds a phosphate to ATP

Question 17

What does the proton motive force power?

Answer 17

the conversion of ADP and P to ATP

Question 18

What are the two energy conservation methods linked to chemoorganotrophs?

Answer 18

fermentation & respiration

Question 19

How is ATP produced in fermentation?

Answer 19

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 20

How is ATP produced in respiration?

Answer 20

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 21

What does glycolysis oxidize?

Answer 21

glucose to pyruvate for ATP

Question 22

What does the oxidation of pyruvate produce?

Answer 22

Acetyl-CoA
2 NADH

Question 23

How does the redox potential generated by glycolysis and the TCA produce ATP?

Answer 23

The potential is utilized by the electron transport system to generate a proton gradient which is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP

Question 24

How many ATP molecules does respiration using glucose produce?

Answer 24

38

Question 25

How many ATP molecules does fermentation using glucose produce?

Answer 25

2

Question 26

Fermentation reduces _____ to an end product to regenerate _____

Answer 26

1. pyruvate
2. NAD+

Question 27

Which process method of glucose produces more ATP?

Answer 27

respiration

Question 28

What does glycolysis produce?

Answer 28

4 ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules
(net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules)

Question 29

How many ATP does glycolysis need to start?

Answer 29

2