Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

This type of chemical reaction usually stores energy and is called endothermic; Small reactants to large products

Answer 1

Anabolism

Question 2

This type of chemical reaction usually releases energy and is called exothermic; Large reactants to smaller products

Answer 2

Catabolism

Question 3

The key to successful life depends on these; Provides a place for the reaction to occur; High degree of specificity

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

Reactant molecules are called

Answer 4

Substrates

Question 5

The amount of energy required to overcome the resistance to a reaction is called:

Answer 5

Activation Energy

Question 6

How can activation energy be overcome ?

Answer 6

Increase thermal energy to increase velocity, increase concentration of reactants to increase rate of molecular collisions, add a catalyst

Question 7

These macromolecules can exist as chains called polymers. These chains are composed of similar subunits called monomers.

Answer 7

Proteins, Nucleic Acids and Carbohydrates

Question 8

Made up of the monomer amino acids that around bound together with peptide bonds

Answer 8

Protein

Question 9

Made up of the monomer nucleotides

Answer 9

Nucleic Acids

Question 10

Made up of the monomer monosaccharides

Answer 10

Carbohydrates

Question 11

Same number of elements, but different arrangement

Answer 11

Isomer

Question 12

Same atoms arranged opposite of each other (Mirror Images)

Answer 12

Stereoisomer

Question 13

Polypeptide form that completes very specific functions

Answer 13

Definition of a Protein

Question 14

A relatively large chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Answer 14

Polypeptide

Question 15

The covalent union between two amino acids that forms between the amine group of one and the carboxyl group of the other. The basic bond of proteins

Answer 15

Peptide Bond

Question 16

Molecule composed of short chains of amino acids

Answer 16

Peptide

Question 17

In a carbohydrate formation, the step in which one carbon molecule gives up its OH group and the other loses the H from its OH group, thereby producing a water molecule

Answer 17

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 18

Process in which water is used to break bonds

Answer 18

Hydrolysis

Question 19

What are the different types of protein structures

Answer 19

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Question 20

Any of the four previous structures. They only contain amino acids

Answer 20

Simple Proteins

Question 21

Contains a protein molecule plus a non-protein molecule.

Answer 21

Conjugated Proteins

Question 22

Breaking down the 3D structure of a protein

Answer 22

Denaturation

Question 23

What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acids

Answer 23

DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (Double Helix) and RNA- Ribonucleic Acid (Single Strand)

Question 24

What are the five bases used in nucleotides ?

Answer 24

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil (RNA)

Question 25

These molecules are insoluble in water

Answer 25

Lipids

Question 26

What are the main types of lipid molecules

Answer 26

Fatty Acids, Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Eicosanoids

Question 27

This is one of the two groups of lipids and it only contains C, H, and O

Answer 27

Simple Lipids

Question 28

This is one of the two groups of lipids and it contains elements in addition to C, H, and O

Answer 28

Compound Lipids

Question 29

Composed of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule

Answer 29

Triglyceride

Question 30

Unsaturated Fatty Acids are also known as

Answer 30

Liquid Fat

Question 31

Flat molecules with four interlocking hydrocarbon rings

Answer 31

Steroids

Question 32

Used to catabolize proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids to release energy

Answer 32

Cellular Respiration

Question 33

What are the reactants in Glycolosis

Answer 33

Glucose, ATP, ADP, PO4

Question 34

What are the products in Glycolosis

Answer 34

ATP (2), ADP, H20, Pyruvate, H2

Question 35

This is 1 of the 2 Glycolosis alternatives; It is for five-carbon sugars – produces 1 ATP and 1 NADPH

Answer 35

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Question 36

This is 1 of the 2 Glycolosis alternatives; It is for six-carbon sugars – produces 1 ATP and 2 NADPH

Answer 36

Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

Question 37

What are the reactants of the Krebs Cycle

Answer 37

Pyruvic Acid, Oxaloacetic Acid, ADP, PO4

Question 38

What are the end products of the Krebs Cycle

Answer 38

Oxaloacetic Acid, CO2, ATP (2), H2

Question 39

What are the building blocks for DNA

Answer 39

Nucleotides