Microbio Week 2

Question 1

Charles Darwin

Answer 1

Pioneered the ideas that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor

Question 2

Theory of natural selection

Answer 2

Individuals of a species are more likely to survive in their environment and pass on their genes to the next generation when they inherit traits best suited for survival.

Question 2

Theory of natural selection

Answer 2

Individuals of a species are more likely to survive in their environment and pass on their genes to the next generation when they inherit traits best suited for survival.

Question 3

Theory of evolution

Answer 3

Living things change gradually over time as new generations of the organism come about.
*Process is selective due to traits with higher fitness

Question 4

Phylogenetics

Answer 4

Study of the evolutionary history and relationships among groups of organisms

Question 5

Phylogenetic trees

Answer 5

Diagrams used to show the relatedness of organisms

Question 6

Domains of life

Answer 6

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

Question 7

Organic Chemicals

Answer 7

Carbon covalently bonded to other elements

Question 8

Carbon is the fundamental element of life because

Answer 8

It is versatile

Question 9

Hydroxyl

Answer 9

R-O-H
Alcohols, carbs, nucleic acids

Question 10

Carboxyl

Answer 10

R-C^O-O-H
Fatty acids, proteins, organic acids

Question 11

Amino

Answer 11

R-N-H2
Proteins, nucleic acids

Question 12

Phosphate

Answer 12

R-O-P^O/OH-OH
Nucleic Acids, atp

Question 13

Monomer

Answer 13

A repeating subunit

Question 14

Polymer

Answer 14

A chain of monomers

Question 15

Nucleic Acid

Answer 15

contains genetic info

Nucleotide monomer basic building block of DNA and RNA

Question 16

Proteins

Answer 16

Breakdown of substances
struc. Support
Transport
Comm

Workhorse of the cell

Question 17

Carbohydrates

Answer 17

Energy
Energy storage
Struc. Support
Building Block

Backbone of carbon
Generally soluble

Question 18

Lipids

Answer 18

Protective membrane
Energy Storage
Communication

Poorly soluble
Hydrophobic

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Mostly dbl helix
Hereditary Material

Question 20

RNA

Answer 20

ribonucleic acid
Ribose sugar
Folds into diverse struc
Organize Protein Syn

Question 21

DNA replication

Answer 21

Copy DNA sequence

Question 22

Mutations

Answer 22

Any change to the usual DNA sequence

Question 23

Amino Acid

Answer 23

Basic building block of proteins, bond together to make peptides, all proteins have the same backbone with unique side chains

Question 24

Characteristics of Living Things

Answer 24

Reproduction and Heredity Energy Growth----> Getting bigger

Question 25

Prokaryotes

Answer 25

Lack a nucleus Ex: Archaea Bacteria

Question 26

All bacteria have

Answer 26

Cell Membrane (Phospholipid Bilayer) Chromosomal DNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm

Question 27

Some bacteria have

Answer 27

Fimbria 2nd cell membrane Cell wall cytoskeleton Pillus Glycocalyx Microcompartments Plasmid Flagellum

Question 28

Bacteria Lack

Answer 28

Higher order organelles such as mitochondria.

Question 29

Flagellum

Answer 29

Locomotion

Question 30

Fimbrae

Answer 30

Fine, proteinaceous, hair-like bristles emerging from cell surface

Question 31

Pili

Answer 31

Rigid tubular structure mad of pilin protein

Question 32

Cell envelope is composed of

Answer 32

Glycocalyx Cell Membrane Cell Wall

Question 33

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Answer 33

Have: Peptidoglycan Cell Membrane Glycocalyx Stain Purple

Question 34

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Answer 34

Have: Cell Membrane Peptidoglycan Periplasmic space Outer Membrane Glycocalyx Stain Red/Pink

Question 35

Coccus

Answer 35

Spherical

Question 36

Rod

Answer 36

Rod shaped

Question 37

Vibrio

Answer 37

Comma shaped

Question 38

Spirochet and Spirillum

Answer 38

Spiral Shaped

Question 39

Species

Answer 39

Collection of organisms that show similar patterns of traits

Question 40

Strain or Subspecies

Answer 40

Sub group that share with the unique structure or gene