Microbiology

Question 1

what microbes in saliva have antibacterial properties?

Answer 1

cystatins
mucins

Question 2

what microbes in saliva are anti viral?

Answer 2

cystatins
mucins

Question 3

what microbes in saliva are for tissue coating?

Answer 3

cystatins
mucins

Question 4

what microbes in saliva are for lubrication and viscoelasticity?

Answer 4

mucins

Question 5

what microbes in saliva are for mineralisation?

Answer 5

cystatins

Question 6

what microbes in saliva are for digestion?

Answer 6

mucins

Question 7

what microbes in saliva are for buffering?

Answer 7

carbonic anhydrases
histatins

Question 8

what percentage of the acquired pellicle do glycoproteins constitute?

Answer 8

90%

Question 9

what makes salivary glycoproteins good for digestion and movement?

Answer 9

lower surface tension

Question 10

what 2 forms are salivary mucins?

Answer 10

anchored to surface (by D domain)
soluble (arent attached)

Question 11

what are features of salivary mucins?

Answer 11

adherence to soft tissues etc.
degraded to reveal binding site
degraded to provide nutrition
bind bacteria for mucociliary clearance
degraded to release antibacterial peptides

Question 12

where would you find mucins with gel forming and membrane bound properties?

Answer 12

ocular gel on eyelids allowing movement

Question 13

how do mucins become gel forming and membrane bound?

Answer 13

interaction between cystine cross bridges for lipid formation

Question 14

what is MG1?

Answer 14

oligomeric mucin glycoprotein - gel forming mucin and membrane bound

Question 15

what is MG2?

Answer 15

monomeric mucin glycoprotein - influence on oral microbiota (attached to surface)

Question 16

what bacteria does MG1 attract?

Answer 16

S.anguinis
S.mitis
Actinomyces

Question 17

what phase is MG1 associated with?

Answer 17

soluble phase and rapid flushing out of material

Question 18

what bacteria does MG2 attract?

Answer 18

S.anguinis
S.gordonii
E.corrodens
S.aureus
P.aeruginosa

Question 19

what are the antibacterial effects of MG2?

Answer 19

attracts bacterial species
as its cleaved, the peptide kills and inhibits them

Question 20

what is the role of MG2 under healthy conditions?

Answer 20

control bacteria in the mouth and protect from colonisation

Question 21

what are PRPs?

Answer 21

proline rich proteins - strong promotors of bacterial adhesion

Question 22

what gives PRPs structural flexibility?

Answer 22

amino acids

Question 23

what results in PRPs having different effects?

Answer 23

different breakdown products

Question 24

what controls calcium and phosphate levels?

Answer 24

amino carboxy terminal in PRPs

Question 25

what can alter a PRPs structure?

Answer 25

pH

Question 26

What do PRP interactions depend on?

Answer 26

proline-glutamine carboxy-terminal dipeptide

Question 27

where would you find acidic PRPs (16kd)?

Answer 27

only saliva

Question 28

what is the main function of acidic PRPs (16kd)?

Answer 28

bind to hydroxyapatite to control remineralisation

Question 29

what are the properties of basic PRPs (6-9kd)?

Answer 29

protection found in other places in the body soft tissue (fumes in nasal) charged interactions

Question 30

where do you find glycosylated PRPs (36kD)?

Answer 30

newly formed pellicle

Question 31

what does Statherin do?

Answer 31

controls remineralisation on tooth surface by blocking nucleation sites - stops/ controls secondary disposition of calcium phosphate

Question 32

what structures does statherin have?

Answer 32

C terminus N terminus

Question 33

what does statherin inhibit?

Answer 33

candida species

Question 34

what produces glucans?

Answer 34

oral strep

Question 35

how may glucans be antiseptic?

Answer 35

if they are on the surface of antibodies they can protect by binding to receptors on the surface of the virus and prevent it entering a cell

Question 36

how do cystatins function?

Answer 36

interfere with cysteine proteases that are produced by bacteria or are important for entry of viral molecules into the mouth

Question 37

what are the properties of cysteine?

Answer 37

protect overall degradation of proteins remineralise calcium and phosphate

Question 38

what is the role of histatins?

Answer 38

promote wound healing

Question 39

what do histatins have the ability to do?

Answer 39

bind to zinc

Question 40

where do you find lysozyme?

Answer 40

tear ducts

Question 41

what does muramidase do?

Answer 41

breaks down sugar side chains, leaving cross links intact breaks down the cage around bacteria

Question 42

what properties does lactoferrin hold?

Answer 42

bacterial and antifungal

Question 43

what is lactoferrin?

Answer 43

glycoprotein

Question 44

how does lactoferrin function?

Answer 44

binds to and sequesters iron indirectly (takes molecules away for survival)