Microbiology Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
Granuloma (caseating): multinucleated giant cells and collar of lymphocytes
A
Mycobacteria
2
Q
Cord factor virulence factor (trehalose mycolate)
A
Mycobacteria
3
Q
Fever, drenching night sweats, anorexia, hemoptysis
A
TB
4
Q
Acid fast stain (ziehl-Neelsen) mostly used for
A
Mycobacteria (TB)
5
Q
Lowenstein Jensen medium
A
Mycobacteria (TB)
6
Q
4 drugs for 2 months, 2 drugs for 4 months with RIPE
A
TB active disease. Rifampin, INH with vit B6, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
7
Q
Rifampin x 4 months or INH x 9 months
A
Tx of latent TB
8
Q
Coagulase- clumping factor by forming fibrin from fibrinogen - virulence factor
A
Staph aureus
9
Q
Protein A - bind Fc IgG to stop opsonization
A
Staph aureus
10
Q
Coag neg staph - UTIs
A
Staph saphrophyticus
11
Q
Tx for MRSA
A
vancomycin, TMP-SMX, linezolid, clindamycin, tetracyclines, Daptomycin
12
Q
Exfoliative toxins A and B - Scalded Skin syndrome
A
Staph Aureus
13
Q
Enterotoxins - temp stabile, food poisoning
A
staph aureus
14
Q
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin
A
staph aureus
15
Q
TSST is a super antigen, which means?
A
Binds MHCII and TCR to keep them bound, leading to more cytokines
16
Q
M protein - rheumatic fever
A
Strep Pyogenes (group A)
17
Q
Hyaluronic acid capsule
A
Strep pyogenes
18
Q
Antistreptolysin O test (ASO)
A
detect strep pyogenes
19
Q
Pyrogenic exotoxins - scarlet fever, strep TSST
A
strep pyogenes
20
Q
Bacitracin resistant
A
Strep agalactiae, (group B)
21
Q
Polysaccharide capsule streptococcus
A
Strep agalactiae (group B)
22
Q
Produces CAMP, enlarges zone of hemolysis from s aureus
A
Group B strep
23
Q
Strep pneumo virulence factor
A
Capsule
24
Q
Optochin sensitive
A
Strep pneumoniae
25
Optochin resistant
strep viridans (mutans and mitis)
26
Alpha hemolytic strep
viridians strep, srep pneumo
27
Beta hemolytic strep
group B and group A strep
28
Bacitracin sensitivity for group A and group B strep
Group B bacitracin resistant, group A bacitracin sensitive
29
Gamma hemolytic strep
Strep gallolyticus/ strep bovis, Eneterococcus
30
Bovis in the blood =
Cancer in the Colon
31
Alpha hemolytic strep found in oral cavity
Viridans (esp Strep mitis)
32
Motile (tumbling), actin rockets
Listeria
33
Non spore forming, short, non branching gram + rod (weakly beta hemolytic)
Listeria
34
Polypeptide capsule made of D-glutamate
Bacillus anthracis
35
Edema factor mimics cAMP
Bacillus anthraces
36
Lethal factor
Bacillus anthracis
37
Tellurite agar
Cornyebacterium diptheria
38
Toxin encoded by B prophage. Inhibits protein synthesis via ADP-ribosylation of EF2
Diphtheria toxin
39
Alpha toxin, a phospholipase leading to soft tissue infections and food poisoning
Clostridium perfringes
40
Hight risk for hospital acquired pneumonia, risk for pts with CF
pseudomonas
41
Blue green color from pyocyanin
Pseudomonas
42
Gram negative, non lactose fermenting, oxidase positive bacillus
pseudomonas
43
Chocolate agar, with hemin and NAD
haemophilus influenzae
44
Middle ear infections
haemophilus influenzae
45
Most common UTI, lactose fermenter (pink on macConkey)
E. coli
46
Mucoid pink colonies
Klebsiella
47
Gram-negative Rod resistance
From Extended spectrum beta lactamases, treat with a carbapenem
48
Small extracellular infectious form
Elementary body of chlamydia
49
Intracellular, non infectious, replicative form
Reticulate body of chlamydia
50
Chlamydia serovar causing Lymphogranuloma venereum
L1, L2, L3
51
Infected cells have characteristic “owl eye” intranuclear inclusions
CMV
52
Virus causing mononucleosis (pharyngitis)
EBV
53
Oncogenic virus associated with Burkitt, Hodgkin
EBV
54
Cancer with cutaneous hyper pigmented, painless, non pruritic lesions
Karposi Sarcoma from HHV8
55
Point mutations in virus
Antigenic drift
56
Reassortment of human virus and non human virus (jumping from one species to another)
Antigenic shift
57
Ixodes tick diseases
Lyme, Babesia, Anaplasma
58
Borrelia burgadorferi disease and tx
Lyme disease, doxycycline
59
Lone star tick vector, monocytes with morulae
Ehrlichia
60
Ixodes tick vector, granulocytes with morulae
Anaplasmosis
61
Cat scratch disease with regional adenopathy
Bartonella
62
Infection from cows/milk
Coxiella
63
Infection from rabbits
Tularemia
64
Saddle nose, mulberry molars, hutchinson’s teeth/inscisors, sensorineural hearing loss
Late stigmata of congenital syphilis
65
Antifungal that binds to ergosterol, disrupts membrane, significant toxicity
Amphotericin B
66
Amphotericin B toxicity
“shake and bake”, nephrotoxicity
67
Antifungal that Inhibits p450-dependent demethylase for ergosterol synthesis
-azoles
68
Antifungal that inhibits glucans synthesis for cell wall
Echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin)
69
Antifungal that converts to 5-FU, inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis, used in combination with Ampho B
Flucytosine
70
Antifungal that inhibits squalene epoxidase in early ergosterol synthesis
Terbinafine
71
Antifungal that inhibits mitosis
Griseofulvin
72
Antiviral that is metabolized to a guanosine analog in viruses, inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis
Acyclovir
73
Side effects of ganicyclovir, fascarnet, and cidofovir in order
Bone marrow suppression, nephrotoxiticy, nephrotoxicity
74
Skin scraping showing “spaghetti and meatballs”
M furor, causing tinea/pityriasis versicolor
75
Microsporum, Trichtophyton, Epidermophyton spp
Tinea
76
Rosegardener’s disease
Sporotrichosis
77
Oporutunistic AIDS infection and TX
Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Tx: TMP/SMX
78
Meningitis and encephalitis in AID patient, no brain lesions, mucicarmine stain positive, tx
cryptococcus, Ampho B and flucytosine
79
Mississippi/Ohio river valleys, intracellular yeast, caves/bats
histoplasmosis
80
Eastern and central US, Great Lakes, snow man
blastomycosis
81
Southwestern, spherules with endospores
coccidioidomycosis
82
Latin America, captain’s wheel
paracoccidioidomycosis
83
Maltese cross, Ixodes tick
Babesia
84
Diarrhea, smiley face trophozoite, treat with metronidazole
Giardia lamblia
85
AIDS patients with CNS ring enhancing lesions
toxoplasmosis gondii
86
Severe AIDS diarrhea
cryptosporidium
87
Pinworm, kid with itchy butt
Enterobius vermicularis
88
White plaque on tongue that does not scrape off
oral hairy leukoplakia caused by EBV
89
Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Caused by JC virus
90
Oral thrush that scrapes off
Candida
91
HIV genome, what gene codes capsid protein p24
gag
92
HIV genome, what gene codes gp160
env
93
HIV genome, what gene codes reverse transcriptase, protease and integrate
pol
94
Antibiotic where you shouldn’t drink alcohol
metronidazole
95
Antibiotic that can cause tendon rupture
fluoroquinolone
96
Antibiotic that can cause hemolysis if pt has G6PD deficiency
Sulfonamide
97
Antibiotic with red rash, hypotension, tachycardia, angioedema caused by histamine release
Vancomycin flushing syndrome
98
Isoniazid side effects
INH: Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes
99
TB med (RIPE) that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
isoniazid (INH)
100
TB med (RIPE) that inhibits mRNA synthesis
Rifampin
101
Rifampin side effects
red-orange body fluids
102
TB med (RIPE) that inhibits arabinogalactan synthesis
Ethambutol
103
Ethambutol side effects
optic neuritis
104
Non specific Syphilis tests and characteristics
VDRL, RPR. Common false positives
105
Specific syphilis tests and characteristics
FTA, MHA-TP, persists for life
