Microbiology Flashcards
(52 cards)
what organisms make up the normal vaginal flora
lactobacillus
Strep viridian’s
Group B strep
Candida
why is lactobacillus important for the vaginal flora
produces lactic acid + hydrogen peroxide which suppresses the growth of other bacteria
what are the non-sexually transmitted genital tract infections
candida infection- vaginal thrush
bacterial vaginosis
prostatitis
predisposing factors for candida infection
recent antibiotic therapy
poorly controlled diabetes
High oestrogen levels ( e.g. pregnancy, certain types of contraceptive)
Immunocompromised patients
symptoms of candida infection
intensely itchy white vaginal discharge- cottage cheese discharge
spotty rash
diagnosis of candida infection
clinical diagnosis
High vaginal swab (HVS) for culture
1st line treatment for candida infection
topical clotrimazole 500mg (2-3 times daily)
2nd line treatment for candida infection
oral fluconazole 150mg + topical clotrimazole 500mg
what is the appearance of candida ablicans
yeast structure with budding
symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
thin, watery, fishy smelling discharge
investigation of bacterial vaginosis
clinical diagnosis
Raised vaginal pH (pH >4.5)
HVS
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole 500mg twice daily
classification of prostatitis
- acute
- chronic
- chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
symptoms of prostatitis
UTI symptoms- dysuria, increased frequency, nocturia, haematuria
Lower abdominal pain, back pain, penile pain
Tender prostate on examination
what organism causes bacterial prostatitis
E.Coli
if a patient has acute bacterial prostatitis, what else should you test for
STI if <35, gonorrhoea, chlamydia
investigation for acute bacterial prostatitis
Clinical signs
Mid-stream Urine sample (MSSU)
What type of urine sample is used to test for STI
First pass urine
1st line treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis
Ciprofloxacin for 28 days
2nd line treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis
Trimethoprim for 28 days if high C.Diff risk
commonest bacterial STI in the UK
Chlamydia
where can chlamydia affect
urethra, throat, rectum, eyes
how does chlamydia stain with gram stain
NO stain, as there is no peptidoglycan in the cell wall
which serovars of chlamydia cause lymphogranuloma venereum
L1-L3
