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Science > Microbiology and Parasitology > Flashcards

Microbiology and Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

includes viruses and prions

A

Acellular

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2
Q

Study of organisms too small to be clearly seen by unaided eye.

A

Microbiology

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3
Q

Earth was formed about ____ billion years ago

A

4.5

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4
Q

Includes eukaryotic organisms, and prokaryotic organisms

A

►Cellular

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5
Q

_____________________________________ found in ancient rock formations in northwestern Australia date back to about 3.5 billion years ago

A

Fossils of primitive
microorganisms

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6
Q

Animals appeared on earth between ____ and ____ million years ago

A

900 and 650

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7
Q

caused by gram negative bacteria Treponema palladum.

A

Syphilis

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8
Q

caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis (acid fast bacterium)

A

Tuberculosis-

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9
Q

a Dutch fabric merchant, was the first to observe bacteria and protozoa in 1674 using lenses he made as a hobby ► “Father of Microbiology” ► “Father of Bacteriology” ► “Father of Protozoology”

A

Anton van leeuwenhoek

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10
Q

Demonstrated that yeast can degrade sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide as they multiply (1887)

A

Louis pasteur

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11
Q

English Physicist who explained the differences in experimental results obtained in different laboratories; concluded that different infusions required different boiling times to be sterilized.

A

john tyndall

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12
Q

a German physician
► Demonstrated that anthrax is caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis which is transmitted to humans by means of spores
► Introduced the use of pure culture techniques for handling bacteria in the laboratory
► Identified the causative agent of tuberculosis
► Stated the “Koch Postulates

A

Robert koch

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13
Q

Don’t have nucleus.

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

Has a specified region to where their genetic material is located called ________________

A

nucleoid region.

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15
Q

Protective covering made of polysaccharides, shields from phagocytosis.

A

Capsule

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16
Q

Composed of peptidoglycan.

A

Cell wall

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17
Q

Layer of phospholipids and proteins.

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

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18
Q

Helps in the cell growth, metabolism and replication

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Hair like structure that provides bacterial locomotion

A

Flagella

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20
Q

Region where chromosomal DNA is located

A

Nucleoid

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21
Q

Helps the bacteria in attaching to other cells

A

Pilli

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22
Q

Consist of many layers of peptidoglycan which forms a thick and rigid structure of its cell wall. It also contains techoic acid which is made of alcohol and phosphate.

A

Gram Positive

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23
Q

links the peptidoglycan layer and the plasma membrane.

A

Lipotechoic acid

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24
Q

connected only to peptidoglycan layer

A

Techoic wall acid

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25
Q

Cell walls are made up of few layers of peptidoglycans and an outer membrane. Outer layer are made up of Lipopolysssacharides, lipoprotiens, and phospholipids.

A

Gram Negative

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26
Q

Also known as ancient bacteria, All are unicellular, Most don’t need oxygen

A

Archaea

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27
Q

Some are unicellular, Some are filamentous

A

Fungi

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28
Q

aggregate of hyphae

A

Mycelium

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29
Q

The most common method of asexual reproduction
of fungi is through _______________

A

spore production.

30
Q

a hypha that can fragment to form cells that behave as a spores.

A

Arthrospore

31
Q

if cells are surrounded by a thick wall before separation they are called chlamydospores

A

chlamydospores

32
Q

if the spores develop within a sac.

A

Sporangiospores

33
Q

the spores are not enclosed in a sac but produced at the tips or the sides of the hypha.

A

Conidiospores

34
Q

produces from a vegetative mother cell by budding.

A

Blastospores

35
Q

Proto-_____ Zoa-______

A

first, animal.

36
Q

They are eukaryotic organisms that consist of one cell.

A

Protozoans

37
Q

-for digestion and an osmoregulator

A

Endoplasm-

38
Q

They have few ciliates.

A

Morphology of protozoans

39
Q

by binary fusion

A

ASEXUAL

40
Q

by conjugation

A

SEXUAL-

41
Q

In latin it means venom or poison, Capable of replication within the living cells of bacteria, animals and plants.

A

Virus

42
Q

Double Stranded, Type of sugar-deoxyribose

A

DNA VIRUS

43
Q

Single Stranded, Type of sugar-Ribose

A

RNA VIRUS

44
Q

is also known as the protein coat that encloses and protects the nucleic acids.

A

Capsid-

45
Q

are those found living inside their hosts. Though some of these spend a portion of their life in water or soil, their mature forms live within animal hosts and are often highly adapted to this specialized environment.

A

Endoparasites

46
Q

Like the tobacco Mosaic virus, which infects a number of different types of plants, have a slinky-shaped capsid that twist around and encloses its genetic material

A
  • Helical Viruses
47
Q

Like adenoviruses,which are known to cause a range of illnesses from pink eye to pneumonia, are composed of genetic material surrounded by a many-sided capsid, usually with 20 triangular faces.

A
  • Polyhedral Viruses
48
Q

Like the infamous Coronavirus, are essentially helical viruses enclosed in a membrane known as an envelope, which is spiked with sugary proteins that assist in sticking to and entering host cells.

A
  • Spherical Viruses
49
Q

Like bacteriophages, which infect and kill bacteria, resemble a lunar lander and are composed of a polyherdal “head” and a helical body (or “soil sheath”) and legs ( or “tail fibers”) that attach to a cell membrane so that it can transfer its genetic material.

A
  • Complex Viruses
50
Q

are those found living outside their hosts. Many ectoparasites live on or near the organisms they require for nutrients, while some spend considerable time away from their hosts.

A

Ectoparasites –

51
Q

Due to autosomal dominant
mutation of PrP.

A

Familial/Hereditary

52
Q

occurring at irregular intervals or only in a few places; scattered or isolated.

A

Sporadic

53
Q

the study of the structure, functions and activities of bacteria

A

Bacteriology

54
Q

the study of the various types of algae

A

Phycology

55
Q

the study of parasites: parasitic protozoa, helminths (parasitic worms), and arthropods (certain insects and arachnids)

A

Parasitology

56
Q

the study of viruses

A

Virology

57
Q

-study of yeast and other fungi.

A

Mycology

58
Q

Roles of microbes in soil formation and fertility; in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycles; in diseases of plants; in the digestive processes of cows and other ruminants; and in the production of crops.

A

Agricultural Microbiology

59
Q

the use of microorganisms in industry

A

Biotechnology (Industrial Microbiology)-

60
Q

concerned with water and sewage treatment; use bacteria like iron- and sulfur- ulitilizing bacteria to break down metals and minerals in water

A

Environmental Microbiology-

61
Q

-involves the study of pathogens, the diseases they cause, and the body’s defenses against disease, is a branch of Medical Microbiology that is concerned with the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases of humans

A

Medical and Clinical Microbiology

62
Q

Microbial Genetics involves the study of microbial DNA, chromosomes, plasmids (small, circular molecules of extrachromosomal DNA), and genes.

A

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

63
Q

-contributes to our understanding of the structure and functions of microbial cells

A

Microbial Physiology

64
Q

-involves the study of ancient microbes.

A

Paleomicrobiology

65
Q

-includes the processing and disposal of garbage and sewage wastes, as well as the purification and processing of water supplies to ensure that no pathogens are carried to the consumer by drinking water

A

Sanitary Microbiology

66
Q

-the study of the immune system and vaccines

A

Immunology

67
Q

deals with the study of the occurrence, spread, and prevention of infectious diseases

A

Public Health and Epidemiology

68
Q

__________________ are present in our bodies awaiting the opportunity to cause disease

A

► Opportunistic pathogens

69
Q

the application of biology to solve practical problems and produce useful products economically

A

Biotechnology-

70
Q

the use of living organisms to degrade environmental pollutants

A

Bioremediation

71
Q

the introduction of genes from one organism to an unrelated organism and conferring new properties on that organism

A

Genetic Engineering

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