The Microscope and Basic Laboratory Equipment

Question 1

An optical instrument that is used to observe objects that are too small to be observed by the naked eye

Answer 1

Microscope

Question 2

Containing only one magnifying lens.

Answer 2

Simple Microscope

Question 3

Contains more than one magnifying lens.

Answer 3

Compound Microscope

Question 4

Commonly _________ (two eyepieces), the compound light microscope combines the power of lenses and light to enlarge the subject being viewed.

Answer 4

binocular

Question 5

Rarely used in microbiology (x40)

Answer 5

SCANNING POWER OBJECTIVE (SPO)

Question 6

Presence of Mammalian cells such as epithelial and white blood cells (x100)

Answer 6

LOW POWER OBJECTIVE (LPO)

Question 7

Fungi, algae and protozoa (x400)

Answer 7

HIGH DRY OBJECTIVE/ HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE (HPO)

Question 8

Bacteria (x1000)

Answer 8

OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE(OIO)

Question 9

is capable of producing images 1 nanometer in size.

Answer 9

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 10

is a powerful microscope available and used today, allowing researchers to view a specimen at nanometer size.

Answer 10

Electron Microscope

Question 11

they produce high-resolution, sharp, black and white 3D images

Answer 11

Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)

Question 12

• without any trace of agar or solidifying substances

Answer 12

Liquid-

Question 13

contains 0.5- 1.5% of agar

Answer 13

Semi solid

Question 14

contains 2- 3% of agar.

Answer 14

Solid

Question 15

exact chemical composition of the ingredients is known (e.g. commercially prepared culture media)

Answer 15

Synthetic

Question 16

• precise composition of some or all of the nutritive substances used is not known

Answer 16

Nonsynthetic

Question 17

contains living tissue (e.g. embryonated eggs for viruses)

Answer 17

Tissue culture media

Question 18

distributed in sterile petri dishes

Answer 18

Plated

Question 19

distributed in sterile test tubes

Answer 19

Tubed

Question 20

• distinguish one group of microorganism from another

Answer 20

Differential Stains-

Question 21

used to separate bacteria into two major groups, Gram- positive & Gram- negative; most widely used

Answer 21

Gram stain

Question 22

used to detect members of the genus Mycobacterium

Answer 22

Acid- fast stain

Question 23

stain specific structures inside and out of a cell

Answer 23

Special Stains-

Question 24

exploit the fact that viscous capsules do not readily take up certain stains; capsules stand out against a stained background; an example of a negative stain

Answer 24

Capsule Stains-

Question 25

Endospores stain - stains endospores, a type of ___________ that does not readily take up stains; produced by ________ and __________ species.

Answer 25

dormant cell Bacillus Clostridium

Question 26

adheres to and coats the otherwise thin flagella, enabling them to be seen with the light microscope

Answer 26

Flagella Stain

Question 27

Example of a synthetic culture media

Answer 27

Commercially prepared culture media

Question 28

Each optical instrument has a limit as to what can be seen, this limit is referred to as

Answer 28

resolving power/resolution

Question 29

A _________ is any material containing necessary nutritional the and environmental requirements for bacterial growth.

Answer 29

culture medium

Question 30

Examples of solid culture media

Answer 30

• Potato Dextrose agar • nutrient again • blood agar

Question 31

Example of non-synthetic cintuia

Answer 31

Meat extract broth

Question 32

Example of tissue culture media

Answer 32

Embryonated eggs for viruses

Question 33

Growth of - chemoautotrophs - photo autotrophs - microbiological assays

Answer 33

Chemically defined

Question 34

Growth of most chemoheterotrophic organisms

Answer 34

Complex

Question 35

Growth of obligate anaerobes

Answer 35

Reducing

Question 36

Suppression of unwanted microbes, encouraging desired microbes

Answer 36

Selective

Question 37

Differentiation of colonies of desired microbes from others

Answer 37

Differential

Question 38

Similar to selective media designed to increase numbers of desired microbes to detectable levels

Answer 38

Enrichment

Question 39

For visualization of morphological shape & arrangement

Answer 39

Simple staining

Question 40

Use of two contrasting stains separated by a decolorizing agent

Answer 40

Differential staining

Question 41

type of staining to recognize the presence of spore in bacterial vegetative cell

Answer 41

Spore stain

Question 42

thin film of organisms on the slide

Answer 42

Smear

Question 43

slide is gently heated by passing the slide, smear up, through the flame of a Bunsen burner

Answer 43

Heat fixation

Question 44

He developed differential stain

Answer 44

Hans Christian Gram