Microbiology - Not in Picmonic

Question 1

Aside from Burkitt lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and mononucleosis, what other disorder is associated with EBV?

Answer 1

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Question 2

What type of atypical lymphocyte is associated with EBV mononucleosis?

Answer 2

Reactive cytotoxic T-cells

Question 3

How is CMV transmitted?

Answer 3

Congenitally and by transfusion, sexual contact, saliva, urine, and transplant

Question 4

Which HHV causes Kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 4

HHV8

Question 5

Describe the appearance of Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 5

Dark/violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions representing endothelial growths - can also affect GI tract and lungs

Question 6

What Reovirus causes Colorado tick fever? What is another classification of this virus?

Answer 6

Coltivirus - An arbovirus because transmitted by arthropods

Question 7

All RNA viruses are single stranded except _______

Answer 7

Reoviruses

Question 8

What is the name of the polio vaccine?

Answer 8

Polio-Salk/Sabin vaccine

Question 9

What ions have decreased absorption in rotavirus?

Answer 9

Decreased absorption of Na+ and loss of K+

Question 10

HEV and HDV are part of which virus families?

Answer 10

HEV: Hepevirus (non-enveloped, positive sense linear icosahedral)
HDV: Delta virus (enveloped, negative sense circular)

Question 11

What viral family is Norovirus and what does it cause?

Answer 11

Caliciviruses - viral gastroenteritis (cruise ships + watery diarrhea)

Question 12

What diseases/viruses are associated with flaviviruses?

Answer 12

HCV, Yellow fever, Dengue (arbovirus), St. Louis encephalitis (arbovirus), and West Nile virus (Arbovirus)

Question 13

What togaviruses are also arboviruses?

Answer 13

Eastern equine encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis

Question 14

Hairy Leukoplakia in association with HIV CD

Answer 14

EBV

Question 15

What are the two retroviruses and what is the disease associated with each?

Answer 15

HTLV - T-cell leukemia

HIV - AIDS

Question 16

What helical virus causes the common cold and SARS?

Answer 16

Coronavirus

Question 17

What are the 3 C’s of Measles?

Answer 17

Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis

Question 18

What types of spots and rashes are seen in measles?

Answer 18

Koplik spots: bright red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa (precedes rash)
Rash: descending maculopapular rash

Question 19

What protein in paramyxoviruses causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells?

Answer 19

Surface F (fusion) protein

Question 20

What family of viruses causes Ebola?

Answer 20

Filoviruses

Question 21

What viruses come from the arenavirus family and how is their RNA structure organized?

Answer 21

LCMV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) and Lassa fever encephalitis (spread by mice)
RNS structure: SS(-) circular with 2 segments

Question 22

What diseases come from the bunyavirus family and how is their RNA structure organized?

Answer 22

California encephalitis (arbovirus)
Sandfly/Rift valley fevers (arbovirus)
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (arbovirus)
Hantavirus - hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia

Question 23

In HIV describe the functions of the following proteins…
env (gp120 and gp41):
gag (p24):
pol:

Answer 23

env 
- gp120: attachment to host CD4+ t-cell
- gp41: fusion and entry
gag (p24): capsid protein
pol: reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

Question 24

What are the three forms or prion disease?

Answer 24

Sporadic: Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia
Inherited: Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker
Acquired: Kuru

Question 25

How are Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral meningitis differentiated?

Answer 25

Bacterial: Decreased sugar and increased PMNs Fungal/TB: Decreased sugar and increased lymphocytes Viral: Normal sugar and Increased Lymphocytes

Question 26

What treatments are associated with the different presentations of Candida? Vaginal: Oral/esophageal: Systemic:

Answer 26

Vaginal: topical azole Oral/esophageal: Fluconazole or capsofungin Systemic: Amphotericin B or capsofungin

Question 27

What type of carcinoma is associated with the aflatoxins from aspergillus?

Answer 27

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 28

What agar is used to culture Cryptococcus?

Answer 28

Sabouraud agar

Question 29

What is the treatment for mucor and rhizopus?

Answer 29

Amphotericin B

Question 30

Aside from TMP-SMX, what else can used to treat pneumocystis jirovecii?

Answer 30

Pentamidine, Dapsone, Atovaquone

Question 31

What is the function of gram negative ENDOTOXINS (that is a hint)

Answer 31

``` Edema Nitric Oxide DIC/death Outer membrane TNF-alpha O-Antigen Xtremely heat stable IL-1 Neutrophil chemotaxis ```

Question 32

What is the toxoplasmosis "classic triad"

Answer 32

Chorioretinitis Hydrocephalus Intracranial calcifications

Question 33

How is babesia treated?

Answer 33

Atovaquone + Azithromycin

Question 34

Shigella invades the GI mucosa by first gaining access to __ cells in ______ __________ through endocytosis

Answer 34

M cells in Peyer's patches