Microbiology of Common Skin Pathogens-Viral Flashcards
(29 cards)
What viruses can cause vesicular/bullous lesions?
- HSV 1 & 2
- Varicella-zoster
- Coxsackie; enterovirus
What is herpetic whitlow?
- vesicles and pustules of the finger caused by HSV and commonly seen in nurses, physicians, and dentists who treat pts with HSV, or a child who sucks his thumb.
- Tzanck smear= multinucleated giant cells.
How do you treat herpetic whitlow?
- acyclovir
What is herpetic gladiatorum?
- herpes on the skin other than the finger.
- seen in WRESTLERS or other contact sports.
What is Eczema herpeticum?
- HSV of skin in association with eczema.
What is Chicken pox?
- rash characterized by clear vesicles on an erythematous base caused by VARICELLA.
- begins as PUSTULES, then progresses to ULCERS and then CRUSTED LESIONS.
- incubation period= 14-21 days (contagious during the time, until pox crust over).
- symptoms include fever and headache.
What is Zoster?
- reaction of latent varicella causing SHINGLES along a single dermatome.
How is varicella introduced to the body?
- via the RESPIRATORY tract.
* replicates within regional lymph nodes early, and then in liver and spleen later.
What are some complications of Varicella?
- varicella pneumonia (adults)
- encephalitis
- increased risk for invasive group A strep causing necrotizing fasciitis.
What are the symptoms of Zoster (Shingles)?
- severe pain in the affected dermatome.
- vesicles on skin.
- lasts about 1 week.
What are the complications of Zoster?
- postherpetic neuralgia (persistent pain).
- disseminated infection (immunocompromised).
What is Molluscum contagiosum?
- pearly papules with central umbilication (central depression) due to DNA pox virus.
- occurs due to skin-skin contact or contaminated fomites.
- usually seen in children under 5.
How long does Molluscum contagiosum take to self-resolve?
- months to years.
What HPV type causes anogenital warts (condyloma acuminatum)?
- 6 & 11
What is a common wart (verruca vulgaris)?
- hyperkeratotic papule; rough, irregular surface, usually on hands and knees.
- caused by HPV
What are the other types of HPV warts?
- flat warts (verruca plana)= flat or slightly elevated flesh colored warts.
- deep palmoplantar wart (myrmecia)= deep, round lesion; rough, keratotic surface surrounded by calloused skin; usually soles of feet.
What do the black dots represent in warts?
- necrosis of blood vessels.
* must remove basal cells bc these are the replicating cells that contain the virus.
What is 6th disease?
- Roseola or Exanthema subitum, caused by human herpesvirus 6 (7)
What are some general characteristics of EXANTHEMS in children?
- respiratory pathogens, which cause systemic infection (measles, rubella, erythema infectiosum, exanthema subitum).
- localized infection that disseminates via lymphatics or blood.
- rash is the result of an immune response to the virus.
What are the associated symptoms for MEASLES (paramyxovirus)?
- CCC= Conjunctivitis, Coryza (head cold, fever, sneezing), and Cough. Also Photophobia.
- Koplik’s spots= grayish white lesion in the mouth.
What is Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)?
- rare brain inflammation associated with MEASLES occurring years after infection.
How do cases of MEASLES occur in the U.S. if it was eliminated in 2002?
- importation occurrence in unvaccinated individuals.
What are the characteristics of Rubella (Togavirus)?
- RNA, icosahedra, enveloped.
- lymphadenopathy
- fever (more mild than measles).
What complications are associated with Rubella (Togavirus)?
- arthralgia or arthritis in adult women.
- thrombocytopenic purpura
- encephalitis
- neuritis
- orchitis
- all rare.
