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EOSC - Spring 2024 > Microbiology Unit 3 > Flashcards

Microbiology Unit 3 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What substance is found the cell walls of bacteria and only bacteria?

A

Peptidoglycan

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2
Q

How does penicillin kill bacteria?

A

Interferes with peptidoglycan in bacterial cells walls, inhibiting cell wall formation

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3
Q

What cell membrane feature can only be found in archaeans?

A

Phospholipid monolayer
(not found in all archaeans)

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4
Q

What are the three parts of the flagella

A

Filament
Hook
Basal Body (Anchor)

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5
Q

Monotrichous

Lophotrichous

Ambitrichous

Peritrichous

A

Single flagellum coming from one end

Multiple flagella coming from one end

Multiple flagella coming from both ends

Flagella coming from all over cell

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6
Q

How does a bacterium move when its flagella counterclockwise?

Clockwise

A

Smooth linear movement - run

Tumble

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7
Q

Spirochet / Periplasmic Flagella

A

Filament that wraps around the body of a bacterium to provide a corkscrew movement

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8
Q

Fimbrae

A

Thin hairlike appendages on the outside of a bacterium

Used for adhesion

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9
Q

Conjugation

A

Exchange of genetic information from one bacterium to another

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10
Q

Glycocalyx

(And 2 types)

A

Coating of molecules outside cell wall of bacteria

Protect from dehydration, nutrient loss, and phagocytosis

Allows adhesion to form biofilm

Slime layer
Capsule

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11
Q

Appendages

A

External filaments on a bacterium

Flagella, fimbriae, pili

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12
Q

Pili

A

Rigid tubular appendage made of pilin

Allows for conjugation, can adhere to surfaces

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13
Q

Which bacteria have pili?

A

Gram-negative

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14
Q

Biofilm

A

A colony of microbes living in a complex mass on a surface (slimy layer)

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15
Q

What is the defining feature of gram-positive bacteria?

A

Thick cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid

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16
Q

What is the defining feature of gram-negative bacteria?

A

Thin peptidoglycan layer between two cell membranes

Outer layer consists of lipopolysaccharides and porins

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17
Q

Periplasmic Space

A

Space between the cell membrane and cell wall

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18
Q

Mycoplasma

A

Bacterium w/ no cell wall

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19
Q

2 Types of bacteria w/ atypical cell wall

A

Mycobacterium
Nocardia

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20
Q

Plasmid

A

Free small, circular, double-stranded DNA used to introduce new genetic material in both conjugation and genetic engineering

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21
Q

Which type of ribosome is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

70s

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22
Q

What purpose do bacteria use inclusion bodies for?

A

Storage

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23
Q

Endospores

A

A hard outer cell some gram-positive cells when exposed to harsh condition

Allows bacterium to enter suspended animation

Can live 250 million years

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24
Q

Vegetative Cell

A

A metabolically active cell

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25
Sporulation
Formation of endospores
26
Germination
Return of an endospore to vegetative growth
27
What is the most reliable means to destroy endospores?
Pressurized steam at 120 degrees C for 20-30 minutes
28
Coccus
Spherical
29
Bacillus Coccobacillus Vibrio
Rod-Shaped Short, plump rod Gently curved rod
30
Spirillum Spriochete
Helical, rigid More flexible helix
31
Pleomorphism
Variation in cell shape and size within species due to environmental or genetic factors
32
Sarcina
Cubical colonies of coccal bacteria
33
Pallisade
Hinged fence-like stake structure of bacillic bacterial colony
34
Psychrophile
Organism whose optimum temperature is below 15 degrees C Can continue producing at 0 degrees C
35
Mesophile
Organism whose optimum temperature is between 20 and 40 degrees C
36
Thermophile
Organism whose optimum temperature is above 45 degrees C
37
What temperature adaption group are most human pathogens in?
Mesophile
38
Facultative Anaerobe
An organism that uses oxygen but can grow without oxygen
39
Microaerophile
An organism that can survive with small amounts of oxygen
40
Aerotolerant anaerobe
An organism that does not use oxygen but can survive in its presence
41
Capnophile
An organism that prefers CO2 levels higher than in normal atmosphere
42
Syntrophy
Nonsymbiotic relationship where organisms cooperate and share resources
43
Amensalism
Nonsymbiotic relationship where one organism inhibits or destroys another
44
Nonsymbiosis
Relationship between organisms that is not required for either organism's survival
45
Fermentation
The least efficient means of ATP production, consists only of glycolysis
46
What is the number of ATP molecules produced per cycle of aerobic respiration? Anaerobic respiration? Fermentation?
38 Varies by organism 2
47
What are the 4 stages of aerobic respiration?
- Glycolysis - Link / transition step - Krebs cycle - Electron transport chain
48
Glycolysis
Breakdown of glucose (C6) into 2 Pyruvates (C3) and NADH
49
NADH
A high-energy electron carrier Takes electrons to electron transport chain
50
Link / transition phase
Minor changes to pyruvate and NADH, process moves to mitochondira
51
Krebs Cycle
Changes the pyruvate into CO2, more NADH and FADH2 are also produced
52
Electron Transport Chain
Electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) send electrons down a serries of membranes, producing energy and releasing electrons to make ATP
53
How many ATP molecules are made from one NADH? One FADH2?
3/NADH 2/FADH2
54
Which stage of Aerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
55
What oxygen alternatives are used in anaerobic respiration?
Nitrate (NO3-) and Nitrite (NO2-)
56
What are the two types of fermentation?
1. Lactic acid fermentation (produces lactic acid) 2. Alcohol Fermentation (Produces ETOH and CO2)
57
What form of respiration do prokaryotes use?
Fermentation
58
What are the two stages of Oxygenic photosynthesis?
Light reaction (Production of ATP and NADPH) Calvin Reaction (Conversion of CO2, ATP and NADPH into sugar) (Order of these reactions varies)
59
Why does anoxygenic photosynthesis not produce O2? what 2 pigments are used in anoxygenic photosynthesis?
H2O does not act as an electron source Bacteriochlorophyll or archaerhodopsin are the main pigment
60
Halophile
phototrophic archeans "Salt-Lover"
61
Lipopolysaccharides and porin are important components of what type of bacteria?
Gram-negative
62
What two structures make up the cell envelope?
Cell membrane and cell wall

EOSC - Spring 2024 (7 decks)

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