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NUTRID > MICRONUTRIENTS AND VITAMINS > Flashcards

MICRONUTRIENTS AND VITAMINS Flashcards

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1
Q

are compounds that help regulate many vital body processes

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

Vitamins are classified into two groups:

A

Water-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble Vitamins

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3
Q

DISSOLVE IN WATER and pass easily into the blood during digestion. The body DOES NOT STORE these so they need to be replenished regularly.
Dissolve in water and are easily destroyed by air, light, and cooking.

A

Water-soluble vitamins

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4
Q

Water-soluble vitamins includes:

A

vitamins C Ascorbic Acid,
B1 (Thiamin)
B2 (Riboflavin)
B3 Niacin
B6 (Pyridoxine)
Folic acid, and
B12 (Cobalamine),
Biotin,
B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

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5
Q

are ABSORBED, STORED, and transported in fat. Your body stores these vitamins in your fatty tissue, liver, and kidneys.

A

Fat-soluble Vitamins

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Excess buildup of fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic and can be stored in the liver and deficiencies are slower to appear than those caused by lack of water-soluble vitamins.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Excess buildup of fat-soluble vitamins is safe and can be stored in the liver and deficiencies are slower to appear than those caused by lack of water-soluble vitamins.

A

FALSE - can be toxic

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Excess buildup of fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic and can be stored in the liver and deficiencies are faster to appear than those caused by lack of water-soluble vitamins.

A

FALSE - slower

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9
Q

Fat-soluble Vitamins includes:

A

vitamins A, D, E, and K.

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10
Q

are substances that the body CANNOT MANUFACTURE but are needed for forming healthy bones and teeth and regulating many vital body processes.

A

Minerals

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11
Q

Important minerals include:

A

-Calcium
-Phosphorus
–Magnesium
-Iron

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12
Q

Vitamin Deficiency CAUSES

A

Causes:
Insufficient supply of vitamins in the diet.

An impairment in the body’s ability to absorb vitamins in food if bile secretion is limited or absent, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins is lowered.

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13
Q

who need increased vitamin C intake.

A

cigarette smoker and people with tuberculosis

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14
Q

Nutritional Value lost by:

A

Light
Heat
Oxidation
Bacteria
Enzymes
Insects

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15
Q

Antioxidant; protects cells from destruction by oxygen.

A

Vitamin A

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16
Q

Functions of Vitamin A

A

Antioxidant; protects cells from destruction by oxygen.

Maintains healthy eyes and skin, normal growth and reproduction, and a healthy immune system.

Helps prevent infection.

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17
Q

Sources of Vitamin A

A

Carotenoids
Fat-containing animal foods: liver, butter, cream, whole milk, cheese
Green leafy vegetables & fruits

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18
Q

converted to a hormone in the body.

A

Prohormone

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19
Q

formed in plants.

A

D2 (ergocalcifenol)

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20
Q

formed in humans from cholesterol in the skin

A

D3 (cholecalciferol)

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21
Q

Sources of Vitamin D

A

Sunlight
Milk, fish liver oils, egg yolk, butter, fortified margarine

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22
Q

Main function of Vitamin D

A

enhances Calcium absorption; good for healthy bones

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23
Q

Sources of Vitamin E

A

Vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, nuts, wheat germ

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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Food alone cannot provide a beneficial amount of vitamin E, and supplements may be helpful

A

TRUE

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25
TRUE OR FALSE: Food alone can provide a beneficial amount of vitamin E, there is no need for supplements
FALSE - cannot provide, need supplements
26
Functions of Vitamin E
Antioxidant Prevention of hemolytic anemia among premature infants Enhance immune system Retard spoilage of commercial foods
27
Made up of several compounds essential to BLOOD CLOTTING.
Vitamin K
28
Functions of Vitamin K
Formation of prothrombin; clotting of blood
29
Candidates likely to receive Vitamin K
Newborns immediately after birth Clients who suffer from faulty fat absorption After extensive antibiotic therapy Antidote for an overdose of anticoagulant Clients being treated for hemorrhage
30
SOURCES OF VITAMIN K
Green leafy vegetables dairy products bacteria in small intestine
31
Water-soluble Vitamins
Vitamin B complex Vitamin C
32
Essential for NERVE AND MUSCLE ACTION, and metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids.
Thiamin B1
33
Average adult female requires _____mg/day of Thiamin (B1).
1.1
34
Average adult male requires ____ mg/day of Thiamin (B1).
1.2
35
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) Deficiency symptoms
loss of appetite, fatigue, nervous irritability, and constipation.
36
a disease caused by extreme deficiency of vitamin B1.
Beriberi
37
WET BERIBERI
edema
38
DRY BERIBERI
muscle / nerve paralysis
39
Necessary for: the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fats; TISSUE MAINTENANCE (especially the skin around the mouth); and healthy eyes.
Riboflavin B2
40
RIBOFLAVIN B2 Average adult female requires ___ mg/day. Average adult male requires ____ mg/day.
FEMALE - 1.1 MALE - 1.3
41
a condition characterized by SORES ON THE LIPS and CRACKS AT THE CORNERS OF THE MOUTH
cheilosis
42
INFLAMMATION OF THE TOUNGE
glossitis
43
in the form of itching, burning, and eye fatigue.
eye strain
44
Riboflavin DEFICIENCY CAN RESULT IN
cheilosis glossitis dermatitis eye strain
45
Generic name for Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide. A coenzyme in energy metabolism.
Niacin B3
46
NIACIN B3 Deficiency symptoms
weakness, anorexia, indigestion, anxiety, and irritability.
47
is an extreme deficiency causing sores on the skin
PELLAGRA
48
NIACIN B3 DISEASES
PELLAGRA DERMATITIS Diarrhea anxiety, confusion, irritability, poor memory, dizziness/ DEMENTIA and untimely Death
49
Essential for protein metabolism and absorption, AMINO ACID CARRIER, and aids in release of glucose from glycogen. Serves as CATALYST in conversion of tryptophan to niacin; helps synthesize neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.
B6 Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine
50
B6 Deficiency symptoms
irritability, depression, and dermatitis.
51
B6 Deficiency in infants can cause
various neurological symptoms and abdominal problems.
52
Toxicity is rare; may cause temporary neurological problems.
B6 DEFICIENCY
53
are chemically similar compounds, and names are used interchangeably.
Folate, folacin, and folic acid
54
Needed for : DNA synthesis, protein metabolism, formation of hemoglobin.
Folate B9
55
_____ g/day of folate required one month before conception through first six weeks of pregnancy.
600
56
folate is measured in
micrograms
57
Increased need during pregnancy and growth
folate b9
58
folate Deficiency linked to _____________ in fetus
neural tube defects
59
folate Deficiency linked to neural tube defects in fetus such as
spina bifida and anencephaly
60
spinal cord or spinal fluid bulge through the back
spina bifida
61
absence of the brain
anencephaly
62
contains MINERAL COBALT. Stored in body THREE TO FIVE YEARS. Involved in folate metabolism, maintenance of the MYELIN SHEATH, and healthy red blood cells. To be absorbed, must bind with intrinsic factor in stomach.
Cobalamin B12
63
may result from loss of intrinsic factor
Pernicious anemia
64
B12 COBALAMIN Average adult requires ____ g/day.
2.4
65
Increased need during pregnancy and LACTATION. Amount absorbed will depend on current need.
COBALAMIN B12
66
B12 DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia (if intrinsic factor absent), anorexia, glossitis, sore mouth, tongue, pallor, depression, dizziness, weight loss, neurological system damage.
67
TRUE OR FALSE: Deficiency is rare in vitamin b12 (cobalamin) and may be due to congenital problems of absorption or years of a vegetarian diet with no animal foods.
TRUE
68
TRUE OR FALSE: Deficiency is common in vitamin b12 (cobalamin) and may be due to congenital problems of absorption or years of a vegetarian diet with no animal foods.
FALSE - RARE
69
Involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins. Essential for synthesis of neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE and STEROID hormones. Thought to be synthesized by the body.
Pantothenic Acid B5
70
______________ has provided an estimated intake of ____ mg a day of vitamin b5 for normal adults.
Food and Nutrition Board, 5
71
Signs include weakness, fatigue, BURNING SENSATION IN FEET (deficiencies produced experimentally).
B5 PANTOTHENIC ACID
72
COENZYME in synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids. Sources include liver, egg yolk, soy flour, cereals, yeast. Synthesized in intestine by microorganisms, amount available for absorption unknown.
Biotin B7
73
BIOTIN B7 Food and Nutrition Board suggests adequate intake of ___ g for adults.
30
74
Deficiency symptoms include nausea, anorexia, depression, pallor, dermatitis, increase in serum cholesterol.
BIOTIN B7
75
Has antioxidant properties and protects food from oxidation. Role in formation of collagen. Aids in absorption of non-heme iron. May be involved with formation or functioning of norepinephrine, some amino acids, folate, leukocytes, the immune system, allergic reactions.
Ascorbic acid VITAMIN C
76
promotes a healthy immune system, helps wounds heal, maintains connective tissue and aids in the absorption of iron
VITAMIN C
77
VITAMIN C Average female adult requires ___ mg/day. Average male adult requires ___ mg/day.
FEMALE - 75 MALE - 90
78
disease characterized by gingivitis, easy bruising, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin, poor wound healing, sore joints and muscles, weight loss. Extreme cases result in death. Found in sailors who lived without fresh fruits and vegetables
SCURVY
79
bleeding gums, loose teeth, tendency to bruise easily, poor wound healing = Scurvy.
VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY
80
TRUE OR FALSE: Vitamins do not provide energy; they help to release the energy provided by nutrients.
TRUE
81
TRUE OR FALSE: Vitamins provide energy provided by nutrients.
FALSE - DO NOT PROVIDE
82
TRUE OR FALSE: Heart disease, cancer and the common cold cannot be cured by vitamin supplements.
TRUE
83
TRUE OR FALSE: Heart disease, cancer and the common cold can be cured by vitamin supplements.
FALSE - CANNOT
84
TRUE OR FALSE: No amount of vitamins will build muscles.
TRUE
85
TRUE OR FALSE: Excess amount of vitamins will build muscles.
FALSE - NO AMOUNT
86
TRUE OR FALSE: Balanced diet provides nutritional needs of healthy people.
TRUE
87
TRUE OR FALSE: Balanced diet is not enough to provide nutritional needs of healthy people.
FALSE - IT IS ENOUGH
88
Organic compounds that regulate body functions and promote growth.
VITAMINS
89
VITAMIN A
RETINOL
90
VITAMIN A SOURCES
fish, milk, carrot, liver oil
91
VITAMIN A FUNCTION
VISION AND GROWTH
92
VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY
night blindness xerophthalmia keratinisation of skin
93
VITAMIN B1
THIAMIN
94
VITAMIN B1 SOURCES
yeast, milk, cereals, green veggies, liver, pork
95
VITAMIN B1 FUNCTION
coenzyme in the form of tpp in glycolysis
96
VITAMIN B1 DISEASE
Beri-beri
97
VITAMIN B2
RIBOFLAVIN
98
VITAMIN B2 SOURCES
soybean, green veggies, yeast, egg white, milk, liver, kidney
99
VITAMIN B2 FUNCTION
coenzyme of FMN and FAD in redox reactions
100
VITAMIN B2 disease
Cheilosis
101
VITAMIN B3
NIACIN
102
VITAMIN B3 SOURCES
cereals, green leafy veggies, liver, kidney
103
VITAMIN B3 functions
coenzyme in the form of NAD and NADP in redox reax
104
VITAMIN B3 disease
pellagra
105
VITAMIN B5
PANTOTHENIC ACID
106
VITAMIN B5 SOURCES
mushroom, avocado, egg yolk, sunflower oil
107
VITAMIN B5 function
part of coenzyme A in carbo protein and fat metabolism
108
VITAMIN B5 disease
inadequate growth
109
VITAMIN B6
PYRIDOXINE
110
VITAMIN B6 SOURCES
meat, cereals, milk, whole grains, egg
111
VITAMIN B6 function
coenzyme in amino acid metabolism, formation of heme in hemoglobin
112
VITAMIN B6 disease
convulsions
113
VITAMIN B7
BIOTIN
114
VITAMIN B7 SOURCES
liver, kidney, milk, egg yolk, vegetables, grains
115
VITAMIN B7 function
coenzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis
116
VITAMIN B7 disease
depression, hair loss, muscle pain
117
VITAMIN B9
FOLIC ACID
118
VITAMIN B9 SOURCES
egg, meat, beet root, leafy veggies, cereals, yeast
119
VITAMIN B9 function
nucleic acid synthesis, maturation of rbc
120
VITAMIN B9 disease
megaloblastic anaemia
121
VITAMIN B12
COBALAMIN
122
VITAMIN B12 SOURCES
egg meat fish
123
VITAMIN B12 function
coenzyme in amino acid metabolism, rbc maturation
124
VITAMIN B12 disease
pernicious anaemia
125
VITAMIN C
ASCORBIC ACID
126
VITAMIN C SOURCES
citrus fruits, tomato, leafy veggies, amla
127
VITAMIN C function
coenzyme in antioxidant, building of collagen
128
VITAMIN C disease
scurvy
129
VITAMIN D
CHOLECALCIFEROL (D3) ERGOCALCIFEROL (D2)
130
VITAMIN D SOURCES
fish liver oil, milk, egg yolk, exposure to sunlight
131
VITAMIN D function
absorption and maintenance of calcium
132
VITAMIN D disease
rickets (children), osteomalacia (adults)
133
VITAMIN E
TOCOPHEROLS
134
VITAMIN E SOURCES
cotton seed oil, sunflower oil, wheat germ oil, veggie oils
135
VITAMIN E function
antioxidant
136
VITAMIN E disease
muscular dystrophy neurological dysfunction
137
VITAMIN K
PHYLLOQUINONE & MENAQUINONS
138
VITAMIN K
PHYLLOQUINONE & MENAQUINONES
139
VITAMIN K SOURCES
green leafy veggies, soybean oil, tomato
140
VITAMIN K function
blood clotting
141
VITAMIN K disease
increased blood clotting line, hemorrhagic diseases
142
VITAMIN K disease
increased blood clotting line, hemorrhagic diseases

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