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NUTRID > MICRONUTRIENTS AND VITAMINS > Flashcards

MICRONUTRIENTS AND VITAMINS Flashcards

1
Q

are compounds that help regulate many vital body processes

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

Vitamins are classified into two groups:

A

Water-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble Vitamins

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3
Q

DISSOLVE IN WATER and pass easily into the blood during digestion. The body DOES NOT STORE these so they need to be replenished regularly.
Dissolve in water and are easily destroyed by air, light, and cooking.

A

Water-soluble vitamins

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4
Q

Water-soluble vitamins includes:

A

vitamins C Ascorbic Acid,
B1 (Thiamin)
B2 (Riboflavin)
B3 Niacin
B6 (Pyridoxine)
Folic acid, and
B12 (Cobalamine),
Biotin,
B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

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5
Q

are ABSORBED, STORED, and transported in fat. Your body stores these vitamins in your fatty tissue, liver, and kidneys.

A

Fat-soluble Vitamins

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Excess buildup of fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic and can be stored in the liver and deficiencies are slower to appear than those caused by lack of water-soluble vitamins.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Excess buildup of fat-soluble vitamins is safe and can be stored in the liver and deficiencies are slower to appear than those caused by lack of water-soluble vitamins.

A

FALSE - can be toxic

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Excess buildup of fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic and can be stored in the liver and deficiencies are faster to appear than those caused by lack of water-soluble vitamins.

A

FALSE - slower

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9
Q

Fat-soluble Vitamins includes:

A

vitamins A, D, E, and K.

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10
Q

are substances that the body CANNOT MANUFACTURE but are needed for forming healthy bones and teeth and regulating many vital body processes.

A

Minerals

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11
Q

Important minerals include:

A

-Calcium
-Phosphorus
–Magnesium
-Iron

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12
Q

Vitamin Deficiency CAUSES

A

Causes:
Insufficient supply of vitamins in the diet.

An impairment in the body’s ability to absorb vitamins in food if bile secretion is limited or absent, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins is lowered.

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13
Q

who need increased vitamin C intake.

A

cigarette smoker and people with tuberculosis

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14
Q

Nutritional Value lost by:

A

Light
Heat
Oxidation
Bacteria
Enzymes
Insects

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15
Q

Antioxidant; protects cells from destruction by oxygen.

A

Vitamin A

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16
Q

Functions of Vitamin A

A

Antioxidant; protects cells from destruction by oxygen.

Maintains healthy eyes and skin, normal growth and reproduction, and a healthy immune system.

Helps prevent infection.

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17
Q

Sources of Vitamin A

A

Carotenoids
Fat-containing animal foods: liver, butter, cream, whole milk, cheese
Green leafy vegetables & fruits

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18
Q

converted to a hormone in the body.

A

Prohormone

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19
Q

formed in plants.

A

D2 (ergocalcifenol)

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20
Q

formed in humans from cholesterol in the skin

A

D3 (cholecalciferol)

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21
Q

Sources of Vitamin D

A

Sunlight
Milk, fish liver oils, egg yolk, butter, fortified margarine

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22
Q

Main function of Vitamin D

A

enhances Calcium absorption; good for healthy bones

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23
Q

Sources of Vitamin E

A

Vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, nuts, wheat germ

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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Food alone cannot provide a beneficial amount of vitamin E, and supplements may be helpful

A

TRUE

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25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Food alone can provide a beneficial amount of vitamin E, there is no need for supplements

A

FALSE - cannot provide, need supplements

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26
Q

Functions of Vitamin E

A

Antioxidant
Prevention of hemolytic anemia among premature infants
Enhance immune system
Retard spoilage of commercial foods

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27
Q

Made up of several compounds essential to BLOOD CLOTTING.

A

Vitamin K

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28
Q

Functions of Vitamin K

A

Formation of prothrombin; clotting of blood

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29
Q

Candidates likely to receive Vitamin K

A

Newborns immediately after birth
Clients who suffer from faulty fat absorption
After extensive antibiotic therapy
Antidote for an overdose of anticoagulant
Clients being treated for hemorrhage

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30
Q

SOURCES OF VITAMIN K

A

Green leafy vegetables
dairy products
bacteria in small intestine

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31
Q

Water-soluble Vitamins

A

Vitamin B complex
Vitamin C

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32
Q

Essential for NERVE AND MUSCLE ACTION, and metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids.

A

Thiamin B1

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33
Q

Average adult female requires _____mg/day of Thiamin (B1).

A

1.1

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34
Q

Average adult male requires ____ mg/day of Thiamin (B1).

A

1.2

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35
Q

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) Deficiency symptoms

A

loss of appetite, fatigue, nervous irritability, and constipation.

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36
Q

a disease caused by extreme deficiency of vitamin B1.

A

Beriberi

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37
Q

WET BERIBERI

A

edema

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38
Q

DRY BERIBERI

A

muscle / nerve paralysis

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39
Q

Necessary for:
the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fats;
TISSUE MAINTENANCE (especially the skin around the mouth); and healthy eyes.

A

Riboflavin B2

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40
Q

RIBOFLAVIN B2
Average adult female requires ___ mg/day.
Average adult male requires ____ mg/day.

A

FEMALE - 1.1
MALE - 1.3

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41
Q

a condition characterized by SORES ON THE LIPS and CRACKS AT THE CORNERS OF THE MOUTH

A

cheilosis

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42
Q

INFLAMMATION OF THE TOUNGE

A

glossitis

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43
Q

in the form of itching, burning, and eye fatigue.

A

eye strain

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44
Q

Riboflavin DEFICIENCY CAN RESULT IN

A

cheilosis
glossitis
dermatitis
eye strain

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45
Q

Generic name for Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide.
A coenzyme in energy metabolism.

A

Niacin B3

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46
Q

NIACIN B3 Deficiency symptoms

A

weakness, anorexia, indigestion, anxiety, and irritability.

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47
Q

is an extreme deficiency causing sores on the skin

A

PELLAGRA

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48
Q

NIACIN B3 DISEASES

A

PELLAGRA
DERMATITIS
Diarrhea
anxiety, confusion, irritability, poor memory, dizziness/ DEMENTIA
and untimely Death

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49
Q

Essential for protein metabolism and absorption, AMINO ACID CARRIER, and aids in release of glucose from glycogen.
Serves as CATALYST in conversion of tryptophan to niacin; helps synthesize neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.

A

B6 Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine

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50
Q

B6 Deficiency symptoms

A

irritability, depression, and dermatitis.

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51
Q

B6 Deficiency in infants can cause

A

various neurological symptoms and abdominal problems.

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52
Q

Toxicity is rare; may cause temporary neurological problems.

A

B6 DEFICIENCY

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53
Q

are chemically similar compounds, and names are used interchangeably.

A

Folate, folacin, and folic acid

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54
Q

Needed for : DNA synthesis, protein metabolism, formation of hemoglobin.

A

Folate B9

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55
Q

_____ g/day of folate required one month before conception through first six weeks of pregnancy.

A

600

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56
Q

folate is measured in

A

micrograms

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57
Q

Increased need during pregnancy and growth

A

folate b9

58
Q

folate Deficiency linked to _____________ in fetus

A

neural tube defects

59
Q

folate Deficiency linked to neural tube defects in fetus such as

A

spina bifida and anencephaly

60
Q

spinal cord or spinal fluid bulge through the back

A

spina bifida

61
Q

absence of the brain

A

anencephaly

62
Q

contains MINERAL COBALT.
Stored in body THREE TO FIVE YEARS.
Involved in folate metabolism, maintenance of the MYELIN SHEATH, and healthy red blood cells.
To be absorbed, must bind with intrinsic factor in stomach.

A

Cobalamin B12

63
Q

may result from loss of intrinsic factor

A

Pernicious anemia

64
Q

B12 COBALAMIN
Average adult requires ____ g/day.

A

2.4

65
Q

Increased need during pregnancy and LACTATION.
Amount absorbed will depend on current need.

A

COBALAMIN B12

66
Q

B12 DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS

A

megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia (if intrinsic factor absent), anorexia, glossitis, sore mouth, tongue, pallor, depression, dizziness, weight loss, neurological system damage.

67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Deficiency is rare in vitamin b12 (cobalamin) and may be due to congenital problems of absorption or years of a vegetarian diet with no animal foods.

A

TRUE

68
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Deficiency is common in vitamin b12 (cobalamin) and may be due to congenital problems of absorption or years of a vegetarian diet with no animal foods.

A

FALSE - RARE

69
Q

Involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins.
Essential for synthesis of neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE and STEROID hormones.
Thought to be synthesized by the body.

A

Pantothenic Acid B5

70
Q

______________ has provided an estimated intake of ____ mg a day of vitamin b5 for normal adults.

A

Food and Nutrition Board, 5

71
Q

Signs include weakness, fatigue, BURNING SENSATION IN FEET (deficiencies produced experimentally).

A

B5 PANTOTHENIC ACID

72
Q

COENZYME in synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids.
Sources include liver, egg yolk, soy flour, cereals, yeast.
Synthesized in intestine by microorganisms, amount available for absorption unknown.

A

Biotin B7

73
Q

BIOTIN B7
Food and Nutrition Board suggests adequate intake of ___ g for adults.

A

30

74
Q

Deficiency symptoms include nausea, anorexia, depression, pallor, dermatitis, increase in serum cholesterol.

A

BIOTIN B7

75
Q

Has antioxidant properties and protects food from oxidation.
Role in formation of collagen.
Aids in absorption of non-heme iron.
May be involved with formation or functioning of norepinephrine, some amino acids, folate, leukocytes, the immune system, allergic reactions.

A

Ascorbic acid VITAMIN C

76
Q

promotes a healthy immune system, helps wounds heal, maintains connective tissue and aids in the absorption of iron

A

VITAMIN C

77
Q

VITAMIN C
Average female adult requires ___ mg/day.
Average male adult requires ___ mg/day.

A

FEMALE - 75
MALE - 90

78
Q

disease characterized by gingivitis, easy bruising, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin, poor wound healing, sore joints and muscles, weight loss. Extreme cases result in death.
Found in sailors who lived without fresh fruits and vegetables

A

SCURVY

79
Q

bleeding gums, loose teeth, tendency to bruise easily, poor wound healing = Scurvy.

A

VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY

80
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Vitamins do not provide energy; they help to release the energy provided by nutrients.

A

TRUE

81
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Vitamins provide energy provided by nutrients.

A

FALSE - DO NOT PROVIDE

82
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Heart disease, cancer and the common cold cannot be cured by vitamin supplements.

A

TRUE

83
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Heart disease, cancer and the common cold can be cured by vitamin supplements.

A

FALSE - CANNOT

84
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
No amount of vitamins will build muscles.

A

TRUE

85
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Excess amount of vitamins will build muscles.

A

FALSE - NO AMOUNT

86
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Balanced diet provides nutritional needs of healthy people.

A

TRUE

87
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Balanced diet is not enough to provide nutritional needs of healthy people.

A

FALSE - IT IS ENOUGH

88
Q

Organic compounds that regulate body functions and promote growth.

A

VITAMINS

89
Q

VITAMIN A

A

RETINOL

90
Q

VITAMIN A SOURCES

A

fish, milk, carrot, liver oil

91
Q

VITAMIN A FUNCTION

A

VISION AND GROWTH

92
Q

VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY

A

night blindness
xerophthalmia
keratinisation of skin

93
Q

VITAMIN B1

A

THIAMIN

94
Q

VITAMIN B1 SOURCES

A

yeast, milk, cereals, green veggies, liver, pork

95
Q

VITAMIN B1 FUNCTION

A

coenzyme in the form of tpp in glycolysis

96
Q

VITAMIN B1 DISEASE

A

Beri-beri

97
Q

VITAMIN B2

A

RIBOFLAVIN

98
Q

VITAMIN B2 SOURCES

A

soybean, green veggies, yeast, egg white, milk, liver, kidney

99
Q

VITAMIN B2 FUNCTION

A

coenzyme of FMN and FAD in redox reactions

100
Q

VITAMIN B2 disease

A

Cheilosis

101
Q

VITAMIN B3

A

NIACIN

102
Q

VITAMIN B3 SOURCES

A

cereals, green leafy veggies, liver, kidney

103
Q

VITAMIN B3 functions

A

coenzyme in the form of NAD and NADP in redox reax

104
Q

VITAMIN B3 disease

A

pellagra

105
Q

VITAMIN B5

A

PANTOTHENIC ACID

106
Q

VITAMIN B5 SOURCES

A

mushroom, avocado, egg yolk, sunflower oil

107
Q

VITAMIN B5 function

A

part of coenzyme A in carbo protein and fat metabolism

108
Q

VITAMIN B5 disease

A

inadequate growth

109
Q

VITAMIN B6

A

PYRIDOXINE

110
Q

VITAMIN B6 SOURCES

A

meat, cereals, milk, whole grains, egg

111
Q

VITAMIN B6 function

A

coenzyme in amino acid metabolism, formation of heme in hemoglobin

112
Q

VITAMIN B6 disease

A

convulsions

113
Q

VITAMIN B7

A

BIOTIN

114
Q

VITAMIN B7 SOURCES

A

liver, kidney, milk, egg yolk, vegetables, grains

115
Q

VITAMIN B7 function

A

coenzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis

116
Q

VITAMIN B7 disease

A

depression, hair loss, muscle pain

117
Q

VITAMIN B9

A

FOLIC ACID

118
Q

VITAMIN B9 SOURCES

A

egg, meat, beet root, leafy veggies, cereals, yeast

119
Q

VITAMIN B9 function

A

nucleic acid synthesis, maturation of rbc

120
Q

VITAMIN B9 disease

A

megaloblastic anaemia

121
Q

VITAMIN B12

A

COBALAMIN

122
Q

VITAMIN B12 SOURCES

A

egg meat fish

123
Q

VITAMIN B12 function

A

coenzyme in amino acid metabolism, rbc maturation

124
Q

VITAMIN B12 disease

A

pernicious anaemia

125
Q

VITAMIN C

A

ASCORBIC ACID

126
Q

VITAMIN C SOURCES

A

citrus fruits, tomato, leafy veggies, amla

127
Q

VITAMIN C function

A

coenzyme in antioxidant, building of collagen

128
Q

VITAMIN C disease

A

scurvy

129
Q

VITAMIN D

A

CHOLECALCIFEROL (D3)
ERGOCALCIFEROL (D2)

130
Q

VITAMIN D SOURCES

A

fish liver oil, milk, egg yolk, exposure to sunlight

131
Q

VITAMIN D function

A

absorption and maintenance of calcium

132
Q

VITAMIN D disease

A

rickets (children), osteomalacia (adults)

133
Q

VITAMIN E

A

TOCOPHEROLS

134
Q

VITAMIN E SOURCES

A

cotton seed oil, sunflower oil, wheat germ oil, veggie oils

135
Q

VITAMIN E function

A

antioxidant

136
Q

VITAMIN E disease

A

muscular dystrophy
neurological dysfunction

137
Q

VITAMIN K

A

PHYLLOQUINONE & MENAQUINONS

138
Q

VITAMIN K

A

PHYLLOQUINONE & MENAQUINONES

139
Q

VITAMIN K SOURCES

A

green leafy veggies, soybean oil, tomato

140
Q

VITAMIN K function

A

blood clotting

141
Q

VITAMIN K disease

A

increased blood clotting line, hemorrhagic diseases

142
Q

VITAMIN K disease

A

increased blood clotting line, hemorrhagic diseases

NUTRID (8 decks)

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