Microscopes and Cells

Question 1

Mitochondria (What does it provide, where is it situated, what is another word for it)

Answer 1

• Provides cell with ATP energy through cellular respiration process
• Located around the cells cytoplasm
• power house

Question 2

Centriole Structure (what cell is it in, is it important for)

Answer 2

• Only in the animal cells

* Important for process of cell division

Question 3

Nucleolus (what is it, what is it surrounded by, what does it make)

Answer 3

• Dark part in nucleus
• Surrounded by genetic material
• Makes Ribosomes for the cell (makes more protein)
• Cell division

Question 4

Ribosomes (where are they found, what does it specialize, where are they produced, what are they)

Answer 4

• Found in Cytoplasm cell, attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Specialize in protein synthesis
• Produced in Nucleolus
• Very small, only can see with an electron microscope

Question 5

Nucleus (what does it do, where is it located, what does it hold, what does it produce)

Answer 5

• Command Centre of the cell, directs all cells activities
• Located in any spot in the Cytoplasm
• Hold genetic material
• Doesn’t produce anything

Question 6

Cytoplasm (what does it do, what does it look like, why does it look like that)

Answer 6

• Holds all organelles in place
• Cytoplasmic stream process that distributes cell contents with circular flow
• It is jelly so that the organelles can still move through it (mostly of water)

Question 7

Lysosomes (what is another word for them, what does it do, where does it roam around, what does it release, what does it control)

Answer 7

• “Suicide sacs”
• Gets rid of worn out/useless organelles (damaged cells)
• Roams around cytoplasm getting rid of bacteria and all the organelles
• Releases Enzymes
• Controls digestion of certain tissues

Question 8

Vacuole (what is the size of it in each cell, what does it help with)

Answer 8

• Massive in plant cell
• Smaller in animal cell
• Helps in the storage of water, ions, sugar, vitamins

Question 9

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (what are they, what does it contain, what is it associated with)

Answer 9

• They are small tubes
• Has no Ribosomes present/attached
• Associated with fat and oil production

Question 10

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (what are attached, what is it associated with)

Answer 10

• Has Ribosomes attached

* Associated with protein synthesis

Question 11

Golgi Apparatus (what is another word for it, what does it storage, where does it receive it substances, what happens when vesicles are pinched off)

Answer 11

• “Shipping department”
• Storage materials exported out or in the cell into blood
• Receives substances from Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Pinched off vesicles become Lysosomes

Question 12

Vesicles (what does it do, what does it package)

Answer 12

• Shipping containers within cells
• Package liquids with variety substances, carry to around or outside of the cell
• Forms around material liquid or solid brought into the cell
• Minerals, vitamins, sugar (glucose)

Question 13

Cytoskeleton (where is it located, what does it provide, what does it help with)

Answer 13

• Located all over the cell membrane
• Provides mechanical strength
• Helps move
• Helps maintain cell shape (cell division)

Question 14

Fluid Mosaic Model (what is another word for it, what does it provide, what can it do and not do)

Answer 14

• “Cell membrane”
• Provides shape structure of the cell
• Things can go in and out of it
• Can’t control what goes in and out
• Bigger things, like glucose, have to go through protein pores

Question 15

Cell wall (what cell is this in, what does it contain, what colour is it, what does it do)

Answer 15

• In the plant cell
• Contains Chlorophyll
• Green colour
• Photosynthesis–> Energy from the sun converts carbon dioxide and water into sugars

Question 16

Robert Hooke

Answer 16

• Invented the two lens microscope

* Examined a cork and found cells

Question 17

Aristotle

Answer 17

• More of a philosopher

* Tested his theories unlike Roman Empire

Question 18

Hans & Zacharias Janssen

Answer 18

• Invented three lens microscope (compound)

Question 19

Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 19

• First to see movement of different cells (bacteria)
• Used tiny lens at his eye
• His microscope had higher magnification
• Single lense

Question 20

Francesco Redi

Answer 20

• Proved the spontaneous generation wrong
• Used meat to see if maggots were made
• Observed flies didn’t go to the meat when the lid was closed

Question 21

Louis Pasteur

Answer 21

• Proved spontaneous generation wrong

* Used the flasks to show how mold was only made when there was contamination

Question 22

Matthias Schneiden

Answer 22

• Studied plants

* Observed there have cells

Question 23

Theodor Schwann

Answer 23

• Studied animal philosophy
• Believed there must be similarities between plant and animal tissue
• They both have cells (cell theory)

Question 24

Contrast

Answer 24

• Stains cells to show better

* Changes the way light passes through called Bright Field

Question 25

Resolution

Answer 25

• Ability to distinguish between to close structures

Question 26

Florescence Microscopy (4 types, what colours, improves what)

Answer 26

* Darkfeild * Phase contrast * Differential interference contrast * Brightfield * Yellow, orange or green * Improve images by altering light passing through

Question 27

Confocal Technology

Answer 27

* Light from any part of the specimen Will pass through the pinhole to the electronic detector * Produces high resolution * Produce three-dimensional image * *Jelly fish*

Question 28

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Answer 28

* Beam of electrons * Electrons that pass through the specimen fall on a florescence screen * black and white

Question 29

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Answer 29

* Gives information about the surface features of a specimen * Covered with an electron dense material * Reflects electrons picked up by a sensor and form a three dimensional image

Question 30

Gene Mapping (3 techniques)

Answer 30

* Mapping of DNA * Breaking cells down to release their DNA * Use chemical techniques to make many copies of the DNA * Finding the sequence of chemical subunits through computer analysis * Opens up the understanding of the way different parts of the genetic material work

Question 31

X-ray crystallography (3 types it uses, helps understand what, lead to what, first molecule to be studied this way)

Answer 31

* X-rays, special sensors, computer technology * Helps understand how the molecules work * Led to the model of DNA molecule * First molecules to be studied this way was myoglobin

Question 32

Robert Brown

Answer 32

• Discovered the nucleus

Question 33

Chloroplasts (what cell is it in, what does it contain, what colour)

Answer 33

* Only in Plant cell * Contain Chlorophyll that produce a green colour * Sites of photosynthesis * Energy from the sun concerts CO2 and H2O into sugars * Sugar for plant's use and storage

Question 34

Electron Microscopy

Answer 34

* Uses a beam of electrons instead of a light wave | * Is able to produce images that provide fine detail

Question 35

Open system

Answer 35

Just interact with its environment to maintain its existence