Microscopy Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
is an instrument used to see
objects that are too small for the naked eye.
A
microscope
2
Q
The science of investigating small objects using
such an instrument is called
A
microscopy.
3
Q
means invisible to the eye unless
aided by a microscope.
A
Microscopic
4
Q
1285
A
Glasses are invented
5
Q
1590
A
Hans and zacharias janssen make a 9x magnifier
6
Q
1609
A
Galileo Perfects the Microscope
7
Q
1625
A
Giovannii Faber Coins the Word Microscope
8
Q
The modern Microscope is Born
A
1800
9
Q
1670
A
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek Perfects Microscope
10
Q
1665
A
Robert Hooke Discovers Cells
11
Q
1926
A
Richard Zsigmondy Wins Nobel Prize for the Ultra Microscope
12
Q
1931
A
Max knoll and ernst Ruska Invent the Electron Microscope
13
Q
1953
A
frits Zernike Wins Nobel for Phase Contrast Method
14
Q
1986
A
Tunneling Microscope
15
Q
magnification of up to 300 times
A
Stereo (Dissecting) Microscope
16
Q
uses a laser light to scan samples that
have been dyed
A
Confocal Microscope
17
Q
uses electrons rather than light for
image formation
A
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
18
Q
uses electrons in creating a magnified
image
A
Transmission Electron Microscope
(TEM)
19
Q
Adjustments
and Support
A
Mechanical Parts
20
Q
Enlarge the
specimen
A
Magnifying Parts
21
Q
Provide the
light
A
Illuminating Parts
22
Q
Bottommost portion that
supports the entire/lower
microscope
A
Base
23
Q
Pillar
A
Part above the base that supports the
other parts
24
Q
Allows for tilting of the
microscope for convenience of
the user
A
Inclination Joint
25
Curved/slanted part which is
held while carrying the
microscope
Arm/Neck
26
Attached to the arm and bears the lenses
Body Tube
27
Cylindrical structure on top of the body tube that
holds the ocular lenses
Draw Tube
28
Platform where object to
be examined is placed
Stage
29
Secures the specimen to the stage
Stage Clips
30
Allows the light to pass through the
specimen for the better view
Stage Opening (Aperture)
31
When turned, it raises or lowers the eyepiece in order
to adjust the focus for each eye. This improves the
magnification and also the clarity.
Diopter adjustment
31
Rotating disc where the objectives
are attached
Revolving/Rotating Nosepiece
32
This is also known as the body. It carries the optical parts in
the upper part of the microscope.
Head
33
Lies atop the nosepiece and keeps dust
from settling on the objectives
Dust Shield
34
Geared to the body
tube which elevates
or lowers when
rotated bringing the
object into
approximate focus
Coarse Adjustment
Knob
35
A smaller knob for delicate focusing
bringing the object into perfect focus
Fine Adjustment Knob
36
Elevates and lowers the
condenser to regulate the
intensity of light
Condenser Adjustment Knob
37
Lever in front of the condenser and which is
moved horizontally to open/close the diaphragm
Iris Diaphragm Lever
38
gather wavefronts from the
microscope light source and
concentrate them into a cone of light
that illuminates the specimen with
uniform intensity over the entire view
field
Condenser
39
Controls the amount of light reaching the specimen
* In most high quality microscopes include an Abbe
condenser with iris diaphragm.
Iris Diaphragm
40
Located beneath the stage and has
concave and plane surfaces to gather
and direct light in order to illuminate the
object
Mirror
41
A built-in illuminator beneath the stage
that may be used if sunlight is not
preferred or is not available
Electric Lamp
42
Another set of lens found on top of the body tube
which functions to further magnify the image
produced by the objective lenses. It usually
ranges from 5x to 15x.
Ocular / Eyepiece
43
Metal cylinders attached below
the nosepiece and contains
especially ground and polished
lenses
Objectives
44
Gives the lowest magnification,
usually 10x
LPO / Low Power Objective
45
Gives higher magnification usually 40x or 43x
HPO / High Power Objective
46
Gives the highest magnification, usually 97x or 100x, and is used wet
either with cedar wood oil or synthetic
OIO / Oil Immersion Objective
47
–provide observers with about
enough magnification for a
good overview of the slide
Scanning Objective (4x)
48
Ability of the lens to distinguish two objects that are
close together.
RESOLUTION
49
A function of objective lenses and its ability to
gather light.
NUMERICAL APERTURE
50
refractive index of the medium the lens is
working in
n
51
measurement of the cone light that enters
the objective.
sin θ
52
The most important feature of the optical system and influences the ability to distinguish between the fine details of a particular specimen
resolving power
53
200 nanometers
Compound Microscope
54
10 nanometers
Scanning Electron
Microscope
55
0.2 nanometers
Transmission Electron
Microscope
56
USEFUL MAGNIFICATION
(500x to 1,000x)
57
EMPTY MAGNIFICATION
(1,400x and beyond)
58
As magnification increases, detail
increases but
less of the cell is seen
59
Total Magnification
Magnification = Objective lens X Eyepiece lens
60
Refers to objectives
that can be changed
with minimal or no
refocusing.
PARFOCAL
61
Distance from the front lens
element of the objective to
the closest surface of the
coverslip when the
specimen is in sharp focus.
➢ Is determined by the linear
measurement of the
objective front lens to the
specimen surface
(objectives without
coverslips).
WORKING DISTANCE
62
Is the extent of the
observable area in
distance units.
➢ The area you see
under the microscope
for a articular
magnification.
➢ The diameter of the
circle that you see.
FIELD OF VIEW (FOV)
63
HOW TO CALCULATE
MICROSCOPE FIELD OF
VIEW (FOV)?
Field of view= field number (FN) divided by Magnification
64
Used to measure
minute distances or the
apparent diameters of
objects which subtend
minute angles
➢ 1 millimeter = 1,000
micrometers (1 x 103
)
➢ Given the example:
* 0.05mm X 1,000 μm
= 50 μm
MICROMETER
65
MEASURING WITH
MICROSCOPE
1. Determine the diameter
of the field.
2. Estimate how many of the
object fit across the
diameter.
3. Divide the diameter by the number that fit
across to get the size of the object.
66
When is oil immersion objective used?
➢ used only at very large magnifications that require
high resolving power.
➢ use when you have a fixed (dead - not moving)
specimen that is no thicker than a few micrometers.
➢ Even then, use it only when the structures you wish to view are
quite small - one or two micrometers in dimension.
67
How does increased magnification affect the
field vision?
➢When magnification increases:
➢ the field of vision decreases.
➢ (by changing to a higher power lens), the working
distance decreases and you will see a much smaller slice of
the specimen.
➢ The lenses on your microscope, the length of the lens
increases and the lens aperture decreases in size.
