Microscopy Quiz Review

Question 1

How will you adjust the diaphragm for a thin, translucent sample?

Answer 1

Reduce the light

Question 2

How will you adjust the diaphragm for a thicker sample with dense structural components?

Answer 2

Increase the amount of light

Question 3

How do you calculate the total magnification?

Answer 3

Magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective

Question 4

Practice: what is the total magnification for 15x eyepiece and 100x objective

Answer 4

1500x

Question 5

Describe how to prepare cheek cells for imaging using the temporary mount technique and a stain

Answer 5

1. swab the inside of your cheek
   2.transfer the cheek swab into a drop of water on a clean slide
2. Use the stain Crystal-Violet Iodine Complex
   We use CVI because it binds peptidoglycan (PG) which is the component in bacteria cells, good for bacteria

Question 6

If you are looking at a sample under low power and its blurry, how can you focus it?

Answer 6

use the coarse focus knob to get the object into focus

Question 7

What is the purpose of using a stain in microscopy?

Answer 7

• enhance visualization of the cell
  -enhance cellular components under a microscope

Question 8

What does methylene blue bind to?

Answer 8

Binds to DNA, good for the nucleus

Question 9

How would methylene blue bind to a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 9

Everything would appear to be a dark blue color because it doesn’t have membrane bound organelles

Question 10

How would methylene blue bind to a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 10

The nucleus would appear a dark blue color

Question 11

What does iodine bind to? What would you expect it to bind in?

Answer 11

Iodine binds starch
you would see iodine bind in a banana

Question 12

What organisms would you stain with a gram stain?

Answer 12

Bacteria

Question 13

What is in a gram stain? (two components)

Answer 13

Crystal Violet and Iodine

Question 14

What does gram stain bind to?

Answer 14

Peptidoglycan, coloring cells purple

Question 15

Gram Positive Bacteria

Answer 15

These are bacteria that have thick peptidoglycan which is a layer of stain crystal-violet iodine is attracted to.

Question 16

Gram Negative Bacteria

Answer 16

These are bacteria that do not have a thick layer of peptidoglycan
-crystal violet iodine complex is unable to be trapped within the structure
-the bacteria can hold the safranin having a red appearance under the microscope

Question 17

What are the three shapes of bacteria?

Answer 17

coccus, bacillus, spirillum

Question 18

What are the three presentations of bacteria?

Answer 18

Diplo, staphylo, strepto

Question 19

How would you name a round bacteria that appears in pairs?

Answer 19

diplo coccus

Question 20

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of size?

Answer 20

Pro- 0.1-5.0 nanometers in diameters
Euk- 10-100 nanometers

Question 21

Specialized features of prokaryotic cells

Answer 21

Prokaryotic- no membrane bound organelles
-u can likely only see cell walls and flagella under scope
-include bacteria and archaea
-all single celled organisms
-

Question 22

Specialized features of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 22

-membrane bound organelles
-can see chloroplasts, nucleus, nucleolus, cell walls, mitochondria, vacuoles, cell membrane

Question 23

What kind of organism is bacteria considered?

Answer 23

prokaryotic

Question 24

What are the four that kingdoms fall under in the eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 24

animal, plant, fungi and protists.

Question 25

How do the cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungus differ?

Answer 25

bacterial cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan plant cell walls are made up of cellulose and chitin fungi cell walls are made up of glucans and glycoproteins

Question 26

Why do animal/animal like protists not have cell walls?

Answer 26

because they are prokaryotic

Question 27

How to tell the difference between a plant and plant-like protist

Answer 27

plants are multicellular, perform photosynthesis by using carbon dioxide and water, and the energy from sunlight, just like plants plant like protists can be uni or multicellular they do not have any true leaves, roots, or stems.

Question 28

what is the difference between protists and every other kingdom of eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 28

they do not have any highly specialized organelles or tissues.

Question 29

what are the categories' of protists

Answer 29

Protozoa (animal like) Algae (plant like) Molds (fungi like)

Question 30

Which kingdom of protists have chloroplast?

Answer 30

plant like protists (algae)

Question 31

What does chloroplast do?

Answer 31

a plant cell that converts light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis?

Question 32

What is the vascular plant tissue responsible for?

Answer 32

provide transport pathways for water, nutrients, and signaling molecules and support a plant body against mechanical stresses.

Question 33

an organism has a cell wall, and details of a cell can be viewed at 40x, what kind of organism could it be?

Answer 33

a plant cell

Question 34

What is the flagella and cilia?

Answer 34

hair like structures that acts primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many living organisms

Question 35

can prokaryotic organisms form tissues?

Answer 35

no, because prokaryotes are one-celled and two or more cells make up tissue.

Question 36

when would you use a depression slide and do you need a coverslip?

Answer 36

when specimens which would be too thick to be observed with regular slides. it is better use a coverslip but it isn't mandatory.

Question 37

Why don't red blood cells have a nucleus or mitochondria?

Answer 37

not having a mitochondria or nucleus frees up room for the hemoglobin molecules and prevents the cell from using the oxygen it is carrying.

Question 38

Why are red blood cells still eukaryotic?

Answer 38

Although they are lacking a nucleus in their adult life, prokaryotic cells never had a nucleus to begin with unlike the red blood cell where they did have one until adulthood.

Question 39

Do dark outlines on cells always have to be cell walls?

Answer 39

No, it could be cytoplasm

Question 40

can you see chloroplasts under a light microscope? What would it look like and in which organism could you find it?

Answer 40

yes, you can see it. It appears as a small green wall looking structure. You would find it in a plant cell.

Question 41

How many nuclei should a cell have?

Answer 41

each cell should have one nuclei but there are exceptions, prokaryotic cells can lack a nuclei where as some other cells have 2 or more

Question 42

Why do we not use high magnification often ?

Answer 42

because you can always just take a picture then enlarge it as much as you want.

Question 43

can you see ribosomes under a light microscope?

Answer 43

ribosomes are too small to be seen and need a better kind in order to see them.