Mid Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is genetics?
The study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation.
What is the etymology of the term ‘genetics’?
Genetikos ‘generative’»_space;> Genesis ‘beginning’ or ‘origin’. Coined by William Bateson.
What is heredity?
The transmission of traits from parents to offspring or between generations.
What are genes?
Segments or sections of DNA that contain instructions to make proteins; units of heredity.
What is artificial selection?
The selection of desirable traits by humans.
Which animals were domesticated between 8000 and 10000 B.C.?
- Horses
- Camels
- Oxen
- Various breeds of dogs
Who proposed that the generative power of male semen resided in a ‘vital heat’?
Aristotle.
What was Charles Darwin known for?
Proponent of the ‘Theory of Evolution’ and introduced the ‘Origin of Species’.
Who is regarded as the ‘Father of Genetics’?
Gregor Mendel.
What did Gregor Mendel study to determine inheritance?
Pea plants.
What are the laws of inheritance developed by Mendel?
- Law of Segregation
- Law of Independent Assortment
What significant discovery did Friedrich Miescher make in 1869?
Identified DNA.
What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
The behavior of chromosomes is related to genes.
Who won the Nobel Prize in 1933 for work on chromosomes and genetics?
Thomas Hunt Morgan.
What did Frederick Griffith define in the late 1920s?
The term ‘transformation’ in genetics.
What was Oswald Avery’s conclusion about DNA?
DNA was the transforming substance.
What did Hershey and Chase conclude about DNA?
DNA is responsible for the transformation of bacteria, not proteins.
What are Chargaff’s rules?
DNA composition varies between different species; the four nitrogen bases are present in a predictable ratio.
What structure did Linus Pauling propose for DNA?
A triple helix.
What significant contribution did Rosalind Franklin make to the understanding of DNA?
Provided evidence that DNA is a helical structure through X-ray crystallography.
What is the central dogma proposed by Crick in 1959?
DNA → RNA → protein.
When was the double helix model for DNA’s chemical structure published?
1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick.
What year did the Human Genome Project publish its initial results?
2001.
Fill in the blank: The ‘Father of Genetics’ is _______.
Gregor Mendel
