Mid-Tudor Crisis - Foreign Policy Flashcards
(11 cards)
1
Q
Edward’s FP Aims:
A
- Somerset: aimed to continue the Rough Wooing that started under Henry VIII in the hope of securing a marriage alliance between Edward and MQOS as promised under the Treaty of Greenwich of 1543.
- Northumberland: aimed to secure an alliance with France through marriage to end the war started under Somerset.
2
Q
What were Mary’s foreign policy aims?
A
- Restore Catholicism to England.
- Secure a Catholic heir to the throne through marriage to Philip II of Spain.
3
Q
SCOTLAND
Battle of Pinkie (1547)
EDWARD
A
- Edward VI’s forces defeated the Scots in Somerset’s campaign to enforce Edward’s marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots.
- Military Success: Crushing English victory, but it failed to achieve long-term goals such as victory in the Rough Wooing.
4
Q
SCOTLAND
The “Rough Wooing” Continues (1547–1549)
EDWARD
A
- England continued to pressure Scotland into agreeing to Edward’s marriage with Mary agreed upon in the Treaty of Greenwich (1543).
- Unsuccessful: Brutal tactics alienated Scots; Mary was eventually sent to France, ending England’s hopes of a dynastic union.
5
Q
SCOTLAND
Scottish-French Alliance Strengthens (1548)
EDWARD
A
- Mary, Queen of Scots betrothed to the French Dauphin and sent to France.
- Unsuccessful for England: Secured Franco-Scottish alliance against England and dashed hopes of controlling Scotland via marriage.
6
Q
FRANCE
The Treaty of Boulogne (1550)
EDWARD
A
- England gave up Boulogne in the peace treaty under Northumberland as resolved the war of the Rough Wooing.
- Mixed Success: Ended expensive conflict and saved money, but seen as a national humiliation and loss of prestige.
7
Q
FRANCE
Treaty of Angers (1551)
EDWARD
A
- Proposed marriage between Edward VI and French Princess Elizabeth of Valois.
- Short-term success: Strengthened ties with France, but marriage never happened due to Edward’s death.
8
Q
FRANCE
The Loss of Calais (1558)
MARY
A
- France recaptured Calais, England’s last territory in mainland France during the war against the Papacy in allyship with Spain through the marriage treaty.
- Unsuccessful: Major blow to national pride and English foreign policy; Mary I’s greatest failure.
9
Q
SPAIN
Mary I’s Marriage to Philip II (1554)
MARY
A
- Mary married the Catholic heir to the Spanish throne.
- Unsuccessful for England: Deeply unpopular in England, sparked Wyatt’s Rebellion, and dragged England into Spain’s wars.
10
Q
SPAIN
England Enters War Against France (1557)
MARY
A
- England joined Spain in war against France after French support for rebels and the papapy (anti-Spanish pope).
- Unsuccessful: Resulted in the loss of Calais; England gained nothing, showing dependence on Spain.
11
Q
SPAIN
Spanish Alliance Impacts Government
MARY
A
Philip influenced English court politics and policy under Mary.
Mixed success: Brought international prestige and Catholic support, but created resentment and reduced English autonomy.
