Middle Mediastinum

Question 1

mediastinum

Answer 1

area where the heart sits between the two pleural cavities

Question 2

Where is the mediastinum located?

Answer 2

between the lungs, sternum, and vertebral column

Question 3

What does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 3

heart and its great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph vessels/nodes, nerves, vessels and connective tissue

Question 4

Superior Mediastinum

Answer 4

superior to a line from the sternal angle anteriorly to the T4/T5 intervertebral disc posteriorly

Question 5

Anterior mediastinum

Answer 5

between body of the sternum and pericardial sac, superior to the diaphragm and inferior to the superior mediastinum

Question 6

Posterior mediastinum

Answer 6

between the pericardial sac anteriorly and T5-T12 vertebrae posteriorly

Question 7

MIddle Mediastinum

Answer 7

Contains pericardial sac, heart, roots of the great vessels, phrenic nerve, pericardiophrenic vessels, arch of azygos, and main bronchi

Question 8

Pericardial sac

Answer 8

Surrounds heart
bound to the central tendon of the diaphragm
fused with the tunica adventitia of the great vessels
anchors the heart within the mediastinum
prevents overstitching of the heart

Question 9

fibrous pericardium

Answer 9

outer surface of the pericardial sac. it is fibrous and tough

Question 10

serous pericardium

Answer 10

inner surface of the pericardial sac. smooth and shiny.

Question 11

parietal layer

Answer 11

covers the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

Question 12

visceral layer (epicardium)

Answer 12

adheres to the heart

Question 13

pericardial cavity

Answer 13

between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium. A potential space between the opposing layers of the serous pericardium. contains a thin film of fluid that enables the heart to move and beat in a frictionless environment

Question 14

pericardiacophrenic vessels

Answer 14

Main blood supply to and form the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of the serous pericardium

Question 15

Phrenic nerves

Answer 15

C3, C4, C5 (keeps the diaphragm alive). main source of sensory fibers for the pain sensations to the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium

Question 16

Coronary arteries

Answer 16

supply blood to the visceral layers of the serous pericardium.

Question 17

Cardiac Veins

Answer 17

drain blood from the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Question 18

Vagus nerves

Answer 18

provide sensory fibers to the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Question 19

Apex of the heart

Answer 19

bottom of the heart, mostly left ventricle. inferolateral end of the heart, formed by the tip of the left ventricle

Question 20

How much of the heart is on the left side of the body?

Answer 20

2/3

Question 21

base of the heart

Answer 21

superior end of the heart, where the great vessels enter exit the chambers, formed mainly by the left atrium

Question 22

what are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 22

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 23

epicardium

Answer 23

visceral layer of the serous pericardium. thin, transparent and adheres to the heart

Question 24

myocardium

Answer 24

the muscular wall of the heart, it is the cardiac muscle tissue responsible for the heart’s pumping action.

Question 25

Endocardium

Answer 25

provides the smooth lining of the inside of the heart chambers and covers the valves of the heart

Question 26

interarterial septum

Answer 26

separates the 2 atria

Question 27

interventricular septum

Answer 27

separates the 2 ventricles

Question 28

Auricles

Answer 28

Power boosters, made of pectin muscle. Superficial superior to the left and right atria

Question 29

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 29

down the center of the heart on the outside between the two ventricles

Question 30

Coronary sulcus

Answer 30

atrioventricular sulcus

Question 31

What separates the heart into top and bottom halves?

Answer 31

the AV valves

Question 32

What is the right AV valve?

Answer 32

tricuspid

Question 33

What is the left AV valve?

Answer 33

bicupsid/mitral valve

Question 34

Heart murmur

Answer 34

abnormal heart sound, blowing or vibration noise caused by turbulent flow of blood. Usually indicates a valve disorder (normally mitral), which may or may not be asymptomatic

Question 35

pulmonary circuit

Answer 35

right side of the heart. pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs

Question 36

systemic circulation

Answer 36

left side. pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation to all tissues of the body.

Question 37

Right atrium receives blood from

Answer 37

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

Question 38

Crista terminalis

Answer 38

smooth line on wall of RA.

Question 39

What kind of muscle is on the inner wall of RA?

Answer 39

pectinate muscle

Question 40

fossa ovalis

Answer 40

after birth, it becomes a "thumbprint" shaped indention in the wall of AR on the inter arterial side

Question 41

probe patent foramen

Answer 41

if the foramen oval (fossa ovalis before birth) does not close after birth, forming the fossa Novalis, this forms. It is a hole in the heart. Large hole can over burden the pulmonary circuit

Question 42

Papillary muscles

Answer 42

anterior, posterior, septal. hold the chordae tendonae

Question 43

Where does the anterior papillary muscle attach?

Answer 43

moderator band

Question 44

chordae tendonae

Answer 44

string like projections that help keep the valves closed to prevent back flow of blood in the atria

Question 45

trabeculae carneae

Answer 45

muscle on interior of ventricle

Question 46

pulmonary semi lunar valves

Answer 46

goes from right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

Question 47

conus arteriosus

Answer 47

the area just before he pulmonary semilunar valves in the RV

Question 48

Moderator band

Answer 48

connects the anterior papillary muscles. also called the septomarginal trabeculae

Question 49

Flow of blood in pulmonary circulation

Answer 49

Superior/Inferior vena cava and Coronary sinus---RA---tricuspid---RV---pulmonary semilunar valve---pulmonary trunk---left/right pulmonary arteries---lungs---