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Opt Anatomy > Middle Mediastinum > Flashcards

Middle Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

mediastinum

A

area where the heart sits between the two pleural cavities

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2
Q

Where is the mediastinum located?

A

between the lungs, sternum, and vertebral column

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3
Q

What does the mediastinum contain?

A

heart and its great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph vessels/nodes, nerves, vessels and connective tissue

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4
Q

Superior Mediastinum

A

superior to a line from the sternal angle anteriorly to the T4/T5 intervertebral disc posteriorly

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5
Q

Anterior mediastinum

A

between body of the sternum and pericardial sac, superior to the diaphragm and inferior to the superior mediastinum

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6
Q

Posterior mediastinum

A

between the pericardial sac anteriorly and T5-T12 vertebrae posteriorly

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7
Q

MIddle Mediastinum

A

Contains pericardial sac, heart, roots of the great vessels, phrenic nerve, pericardiophrenic vessels, arch of azygos, and main bronchi

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8
Q

Pericardial sac

A

Surrounds heart
bound to the central tendon of the diaphragm
fused with the tunica adventitia of the great vessels
anchors the heart within the mediastinum
prevents overstitching of the heart

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9
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer surface of the pericardial sac. it is fibrous and tough

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10
Q

serous pericardium

A

inner surface of the pericardial sac. smooth and shiny.

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11
Q

parietal layer

A

covers the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

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12
Q

visceral layer (epicardium)

A

adheres to the heart

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13
Q

pericardial cavity

A

between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium. A potential space between the opposing layers of the serous pericardium. contains a thin film of fluid that enables the heart to move and beat in a frictionless environment

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14
Q

pericardiacophrenic vessels

A

Main blood supply to and form the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of the serous pericardium

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15
Q

Phrenic nerves

A

C3, C4, C5 (keeps the diaphragm alive). main source of sensory fibers for the pain sensations to the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium

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16
Q

Coronary arteries

A

supply blood to the visceral layers of the serous pericardium.

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17
Q

Cardiac Veins

A

drain blood from the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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18
Q

Vagus nerves

A

provide sensory fibers to the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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19
Q

Apex of the heart

A

bottom of the heart, mostly left ventricle. inferolateral end of the heart, formed by the tip of the left ventricle

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20
Q

How much of the heart is on the left side of the body?

A

2/3

21
Q

base of the heart

A

superior end of the heart, where the great vessels enter exit the chambers, formed mainly by the left atrium

22
Q

what are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

23
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium. thin, transparent and adheres to the heart

24
Q

myocardium

A

the muscular wall of the heart, it is the cardiac muscle tissue responsible for the heart’s pumping action.

25
Q

Endocardium

A

provides the smooth lining of the inside of the heart chambers and covers the valves of the heart

26
Q

interarterial septum

A

separates the 2 atria

27
Q

interventricular septum

A

separates the 2 ventricles

28
Q

Auricles

A

Power boosters, made of pectin muscle. Superficial superior to the left and right atria

29
Q

Anterior interventricular sulcus

A

down the center of the heart on the outside between the two ventricles

30
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

atrioventricular sulcus

31
Q

What separates the heart into top and bottom halves?

A

the AV valves

32
Q

What is the right AV valve?

A

tricuspid

33
Q

What is the left AV valve?

A

bicupsid/mitral valve

34
Q

Heart murmur

A

abnormal heart sound, blowing or vibration noise caused by turbulent flow of blood. Usually indicates a valve disorder (normally mitral), which may or may not be asymptomatic

35
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

right side of the heart. pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs

36
Q

systemic circulation

A

left side. pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation to all tissues of the body.

37
Q

Right atrium receives blood from

A

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

38
Q

Crista terminalis

A

smooth line on wall of RA.

39
Q

What kind of muscle is on the inner wall of RA?

A

pectinate muscle

40
Q

fossa ovalis

A

after birth, it becomes a “thumbprint” shaped indention in the wall of AR on the inter arterial side

41
Q

probe patent foramen

A

if the foramen oval (fossa ovalis before birth) does not close after birth, forming the fossa Novalis, this forms. It is a hole in the heart. Large hole can over burden the pulmonary circuit

42
Q

Papillary muscles

A

anterior, posterior, septal. hold the chordae tendonae

43
Q

Where does the anterior papillary muscle attach?

A

moderator band

44
Q

chordae tendonae

A

string like projections that help keep the valves closed to prevent back flow of blood in the atria

45
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

muscle on interior of ventricle

46
Q

pulmonary semi lunar valves

A

goes from right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

47
Q

conus arteriosus

A

the area just before he pulmonary semilunar valves in the RV

48
Q

Moderator band

A

connects the anterior papillary muscles. also called the septomarginal trabeculae

49
Q

Flow of blood in pulmonary circulation

A

Superior/Inferior vena cava and Coronary sinus—RA—tricuspid—RV—pulmonary semilunar valve—pulmonary trunk—left/right pulmonary arteries—lungs—

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