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Opt Anatomy > Thorax (1) > Flashcards

Thorax (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of the Thoracic Cage

A 
superiorly: neck
Inferiorly: diaphragm
Laterally: ribs and intercostal spaces
Posteriorly: vertebral column
Anteriorly: Sternum and costal cartilage
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2
Q

Functions of the Thoracic Cage

A
  1. protect heart and lungs

2. Provide attachment point for muscles of the thorax, upper extremities, abdomen and back

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A
  1. manubrium
  2. body
  3. xiphoid process
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4
Q

What are the two joints/junctions of the sternum

A
  1. manubriosternal

2. Xiphisternal

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5
Q

Parts of the vertebrae

A

spinous process, transverse process, body, facets

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6
Q

True Ribs

A

Attach directly to sternum, ribs 1-7

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7
Q

False ribs

A

ribs that attach to sternum via costal cartilage. ribs 8-10

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8
Q

Floating ribs

A

no connection to sternum or other structures anteriorly. Rib pairs 11 and 12

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9
Q

Parts of the ribs

A

head, neck, tubercle, angle, shaft, costal groove.

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10
Q

How are ribs named?

A

after the vertebrae they are attached to

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11
Q

costotransverse joint

A

Where the smooth articular surface of the tubercle of the rib (transverse costal facet) articulates with the transverse process of the same numbered vertebra

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12
Q

Movements at the costotransverse joints in ribs 1-7

A

rotate, increasing the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax.

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13
Q

Movements at the costotransverse joints in the 8-10 ribs?

A

glide, increasing the transverse diameter of the upper abdomen

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14
Q

Joints of ribs 11 and 12

A

none

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15
Q

costovertebral joint

A

where the vertebrae and boney part of the rib meet

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16
Q

interchondral joint

A

between 2 pieces of cartilage

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17
Q

costochondral joint

A

between cartilage in sternum and bone of rib

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18
Q

sternocostal joint

A

where the cartilage of the rib meets the sternum

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19
Q

What three muscles of respiration connect the ribs?

A

external intercostal, internal intercostal, and innermost intercostal

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20
Q

innermost intercostal muscle

A

lined internally by the endothoracic fascia, which is lined by the parietal pleura.

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21
Q

Intercostal nerves and blood vessels

A

superior to inferior: Vein, Artery, Nerve.

run between the intermediate and deepest layers of the muscles.

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22
Q

Where do the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve sit?

A

in the costal groove of the rib, between the innermost and internal intercostal muscles

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23
Q

at what angle do the external and internal intercostal muscles cross each other?

A

90 degrees

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24
Q

All muscles of the thoracic cage

A 
external intercostal muscles
internal intercostal muscles
innermost intercostal muscles
transverse thoracis
subcostales
levatores costarum
serratus posterior inferior
serratus posterior superior

All involved with breathing

25
Q

innervation and action: external intercostal

A

innervation: intercostal nerve
Action: elevate ribs

26
Q

innervation and action: internal intercostal

A

innervation: intercostal nerve
action: depress ribs

27
Q

innervation and action: innermost intercostal

A

innervation: intercostal nerve
action: elevate ribs

28
Q

innervation and action: transversus thoracis

A

innervation: intercostal nerve
action: depress ribs

29
Q

innervation and action: subcostales

A

innervation: intercostal nerve
action: depress ribs

able to differentiate between this and intercostal muscles because this muscle skips ribs, not attached to each individual rib. well developed only in the lower part of the thorax

30
Q

innervation and action: Levatores Costarum

A

innervation: Posterior rami of C8-T11 nerves
action: elevate ribs

31
Q

innervation and action: Serratus posterior superior

A

innervation: second to fifth intercostal nerves
action: depress ribs

32
Q

innervation and action: serratus posterior inferior

A

innervation: anterior rami of T9-T12 nerves
actions: depress ribs

33
Q

Blood supply to thoracic wall anteriorly

A

subclavian artery to internal thoracic artery to intercostal artery or its branch, the musculophrenic artery

34
Q

Blood supply to thoracic wall posteriorly

A

intercostal arteries are branches of the aorta. Branches right off of dorsal aorta

35
Q

Intercostal nerves

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-T11, the anterior rams of T12 is the subcostal nerve

36
Q

Venous drainage in the thorax posteriorly

A

Azygos vein and hemiazygos vein

37
Q

Venous drainage of the thorax anteriorly

A

internal thoracic and musulophrenic veins

38
Q

Muscles of inspiration

A

diaphragm, intercostal muscles, sternocleidomastoid, anterior/middle/posterior scalenes

39
Q

Muscles of passive expiration

A

recoil from lung elasticity

40
Q

Muscles of active expiration

A

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles (rectus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique, and transversus abdominus

41
Q

Mediastinum

A

heart cavity

42
Q

pleural cavities

A

visceral, parietal

43
Q

visceral pleura

A

thin membrane covering the lungs. directly on organ

44
Q

Parietal pleura

A

inner surface of the chest wall. Directly on chest wall

45
Q

parietal pleura divisions

A

costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, and cervical parts

46
Q

Where do the visceral and parietal linings meet?

A

root of lung

47
Q

Where is the inferior reflection of parietal pleura?

A

8th costochondral junction in the midclavicualr line and at the 10th rib in the midaxiallry line

48
Q

apex of lungs

A

at the level of the neck of the 1st rib

49
Q

Inferior border of the lungs

A

6th rib in the left midclavicular line and the 8th rib at the lateral aspect of the bony thorax at the midaxillary line

50
Q

right lung

A

larger and heavier, shorter and wider. superior, middle, and inferior lobes

51
Q

left lung

A

superior and inferior lobes separated by the oblique fissure

52
Q

Root of the lung

A

made up of bronchi, pulmonary artery and veins, lymoh vessels, bronchial vessesl, and nerves. Surrounded by a tubular sheath of pleura, which joins the mediastinal parietal pleura to the visceral pleura

53
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment

A

contains all of the important structures of piulmonary system, points like a pyramid. anatomical, functional, surgical units of the lungs

54
Q

Main characteristics of the bronchopulmonary segment

A
  • subdivision of a lung lobe
  • pyramid shape, apex toward lung root
  • surrounded by CT
  • segmental bronchus, segmental artery, lymph vessels, and autonomic nerves
  • segmented vein lies in the CT between the adjacent bronchopulmonary segments
  • diseased segment can be removes surgically
55
Q

bronchioles

A

the smallest bronchi divide and give rise to these. possess no cartilage in their walls and are lined with columnar ciliated epithelium to brush out debris

56
Q

pulmonary plexus

A

receives sympathetic contributions from the right and left sympathetic trunks and parasympathetic contributions from the right and left vagus nerve.

57
Q

trachealis muscle

A

autonomic, constricts when you cough

58
Q

bronchodilation and vasoconstriction

A

sympathetic

59
Q

bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased glandular secretion

A

parasympathetic

Opt Anatomy (8 decks)

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