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Middy 1 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

True or false: the release of cytoplasmic enzymes from necrotic cells may be useful diagnostically?

A

true

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2
Q

bilirubin is…

A

water-soluble when conjugated

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3
Q

agents such as radiation, mutagenic drugs, and viruses can lead to acquired DNA abnormalities - damage to cells such as blood cell precursors in bone marrow is the result of…

A

interference with mitosis

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4
Q

free radicals can impair cell membrane function by causing…

A

lipid peroxidation

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5
Q

anemia will lead to impaired energy production by the cell because there is…

A

insufficient oxygen

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6
Q

primary change in hemolytic jaundice is…

A

increased production of bilirubin

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7
Q

triglyceride accumulation in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells (such as the liver) is termed…

A

fatty degeneration

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8
Q

hypoxia, leading to impaired energy production by the cell may be caused by…

A

anemia

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9
Q

death of cells in a living organism is termed…

A

necrosis

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10
Q

true or false: starvation can lead to the development of a fatty liver

A

true

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11
Q

cloudy swelling is the result of…

A

intracellular accumulation of fluid and electrolytes

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12
Q

most definitive microscopic evidence of cell necrosis is…

A

nuclear pyknosis and karrhyohexis

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13
Q

chronic over-consumption of alcohol can lead to fatty liver due to…

A

increased acidity of hepatic enzyme systems, leading to increased conversion of fatty acids to triglycerides

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14
Q

colour changes in bruises are related to…

A

breakdown of hemoglobin

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15
Q

ischemia refers to…

A

a reduction or failure of blood supply to tissues

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16
Q

the end result of the clotting (coagulation) mechanism is…

A

the formation of insoluble strands of fibrin which forms the framework of the blood clot

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17
Q

shock can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation because…

A

hypoxic endothelial injury can initiate microthrombosis

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18
Q

the intrinsic clotting mechanism is initiated by…

A

activation of factor XII by surface contact

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19
Q

the accumulation of blood within a tissue to form a pocket is termed a …

A

hemotoma

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20
Q

the accumulation of watery fluid within the abdominal cavity is termed…

A

ascites

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21
Q

the accumulation of watery fluid in the thoracic cavity is termed…

A

effusion

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22
Q

the accumulation of fluid within a tissue is termed…

A

edema

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23
Q

venous obstruction is generally less likely to cause tissue injury than arterial obstruction because…

A

there’s greater availability of collateral vessels in the venous system

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24
Q

which of the following statements regarding thrombosis is false?

Study These Flashcards
A

taking aspirin increases the risk of thrombus formation

25
formation of the primary hemostatic plug results from...
platelet aggregation
26
a person or animal in LEFT sided heart failure way show which of the following...
shortness of breath and coughing
27
a person or animal with RIGHT sided heart failure may show...
hepatic congestion
28
hypovolemic shock may be caused by...
severe vomiting and diarrhea
29
in disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC...
widespread endothelial injury is a common initiating mechanism
30
a free-floating intravascular mass carried within the bloodstream to another site is termed...
embolus
31
with vascular injury, platelets are exposed to the ECM which induces platelet adhesion via interactions with ...
von willebrand factor (vWF)
32
shock, whatever its cause, is characterized by...
generalized reduction of tissue perfusion
33
tendency to bleed excessively following minor trauma is the hallmark of...
coagulation dissorders
34
emboli originating from deep Venus thromboses in the legs will likely become lodged in the...
pulmonary circulation
35
transient arteriolar vasoconstriction in early hemostasis is primarily due to...
reflex neurogenic mechanisms
36
a localized area of necrosis resulting from inadequate blood supply to tissues is termed...
infraction
37
small petechial hemorrhages are most likely the result of...
low platelet numbers
38
a venous infract may be...
hemorrhagic due to hypoxic endothelial injury
39
an arterial infract may be...
pale because of lack of oxygenated blood in the affected area
40
the sodium and water retention which occurs during heart failure is the result of...
aldosterone causing increased sodium resorption by the kidney distal tubules
41
the "economy class syndrome" occurs with prolonged air travel in cramped seating. the described thrombosis occurs because there is...
stasis of blood flow in veins and legs
42
chronic changes in blood vessel walls which can lead to thrombosis are most often associated with...
atherosclerosis
43
diabetes may develop degenerative changes in the vasculature. diminished blood supply to the extremities and subsequent infraction leads to the development of...
gangrene
44
shock due to peripheral vasodilation may be caused by...
sepsis
45
tissues which are very susceptible to ischemia are the...
brain and heart
46
localized edema could be caused by...
lymphatic obstruction
47
lymphatic obstruction will eventually lead to...
fibrosis of the affected area
48
arterial thrombosis is most often the result of...
endothelial injury
49
a large thrombus has developed in the renal artery (main artery supplying the kidney). if portions of this thrombus were to break free and embolize, infracts could occur in the...
kidney
50
hypoxia is...
insufficient oxygenation of tissues due to poor blood supply
51
shock becomes irreversible shock when...
metabolic acidosis furthers injury to cells so they can no longer produce energy
52
edema may be the result of...
loss of plasma protein (due to renal glomerular disease)
53
an arterial infract may look hemorrhagic in the...
lung
54
the pallor and coolness of skin in acute shock is the result of...
constriction of peripheral blood vessels
55
apoptosis refers to...
programmed cell death
56
Erythropoietin (EPO) has been used by competitive cyclists to increase RBC count and thus oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. However, this could lead to thrombotic disease because...
the blood is more viscous
57
each of the following substances can accumulate in cells. which of the following is a pigment due to "wear and tear"
lipofuscin
58
regional tissue necrosis due to ischemia, followed by secondary bacterial infections defines
gangrene

PATH (11 decks)

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