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Middy 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

an important early event in repair by scarring is:

A

debridement

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2
Q

all of the following are potential complications of healing by second intention EXCEPT…
- inadequate development of granulation tissue
- increased risk of infection
- loss of functional tissue/organ cell types

A

inadequate development of granulation tissue

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3
Q

arthropods can act as vectors for which of the following…
- viral diseases
- protozoal diseases
- both of the above

A

both of the above

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4
Q

amyloid depositions seen in a wide variety of body tissues in association with chronic inflammatory diseases are termed:

A

reactive amyloidosis

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5
Q

amyloid deposition in renal glomeruli is associated with:

A

protein loss in urine

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6
Q

Amyloid is best defined as:

A

beta-plated fibrillar protein

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7
Q

angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation, the process of capillary sprouting is initiated by:

A

the VEGF family

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8
Q

an example of chronic viral infection, which causes necrosis and subsequent fibrosis over a long period is:

A

hepatitis C virus

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9
Q

bacteremia is diagnosed by…

A

blood culture

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10
Q

bacteria adhesins are…

A

molecules that bind bacteria in host cells

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11
Q

bacteremia in young children and animals most often leads to bacterial seeding of the…

A

growth plates (epiphyses)

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12
Q

cytopathic viruses are those…

A

whose replication causes cell lysis or lethal changes in cell function

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13
Q

complete the following sentence correctly: systemic fungal diseases…

A

are a particular problem in AIDS patients

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14
Q

clinically apparent infectious disease develops when the infectious organism:

A

survives, multiplies and produces tissue damage

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15
Q

cells which are reversibly post-mitotic and can divide if necessary to allow regeneration are:

A

parenchymal cells of the liver kidney and pancreas

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16
Q

caseous necrosis in granulomas caused by microorganisms is related to…

A

delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction

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17
Q

chronic suppurative inflammation is characterized by…

A

necrosis, pus formation, fibrosis and mononuclear cells

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18
Q

examples of stable cells, which can regenerate following necrosis are:

A

hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells)

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19
Q

examples of labile cells, which maintain their ability to actively divide throughout life are:

A

intestinal epithelial cells

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20
Q

enterotoxins attach to gut mucosal cell receptors causing…
- secretory diarrhea
- injury to enterocytes
- both of the above

A

both of the above

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21
Q

epithelial cells have…

A

an increased ability to secrete lysozyme

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22
Q

facultative intracellular organisms grow…

A

both inside and outside cells

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23
Q

fungi causes tissue injury primarily by:

A

inducing delayed type hypersensitivity responses

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24
Q

True or false: granulation tissue has a role in healing by first intention

A

true

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25
granulation tissue is composed of:
highly vascular immature connective tissue
26
granulation tissue refers to which of the following:
fibrovascular tissue which has a role in healing of large wounds
27
granulation tissue is more prominent in:
wound healing by second intention
28
granulomatous inflammation is characterized by:
aggregation of activated (epithelioid) macrophages
29
true or false: herpesviruses frequently cause persistent (chronic) viral infections
false
30
healing by second intention differs from healing by first intention in that:
healing by first intention is characterized by faster healing due to apposition (positioning) of tissue edges
31
true or false: high levels of passively acquired maternal antibodies can prevent a primary immune response to vaccination
true
32
in toxin-type food poisoning...
bacteria multiply and produce toxin in food which is then ingested
33
true or false: in prion-related disease, there is no inflammatory response to the agent
true
34
in prion-related spongiform encephalopathies, disease is related to:
accumulation of large amounts of abnormal prion protein in the brain tissue
35
true or false: many of the normal or commensal bacteria help prevent colonization by more virulent organisms
true
36
true or false: many of the helminth infections cause little or no signs of of disease
true
37
most organisms gain access to the body vi...
natural passages
38
non-granulomatous chronic inflammation is characterized by sensitized lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages, together with:
areas of necrosis and fibrosis
39
non-granulomatous chronic inflammation is seen with:
chronic viral infections
40
true or false: obligate intracellular pathogens induce a greater immune response than inflammatory response
true
41
osteomyelitis is a classic example of:
chronic suppurative inflammation
42
persistent (chronic) viral infection (such as Hepatitis B virus) cause
slow cell necrosis over an extended time
43
parasitic diseases lead to tissue reactions characterized by:
eosinophils
44
true or false: persistence of an antigen or injurious stimulus will cause chronic inflammation to develop
True
45
quiescent cells enter the cell cycle phase from which phase?
G0
46
rickettsial diseases such as typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever are transmitted by:
arthropod vectors
47
repair by proliferation of connective tissue is the definition of
fibrosis or scarring
48
true or false: second intention healing occurs when a wound is surgically debrided and sutured closed
False
49
scarring is best defined as...
an area of dense collagen, due to healing by fibrosis
50
true or false: suppuration is particularly likely to occur when anatomic factors inhibit drainage and the resolution of acute inflammation
true
51
subclinical infection is defined as..
the development of an immune response, without clinically apparent disease
52
septicaemia is defined as
multiplying bacteria and their toxins in blood
53
suppurative inflammation is characterized by
bacterial infections
54
the antiviral effects of cytokine, interferon, are due to
interference with viral translation (stops viral)
55
the "scab" seen in association with skin wounds consists of:
clotted blood and some inflammatory cells
56
the primary motivators for cell replication are the
cyclins
57
the early contraction occurring in scar maturation is caused by:
contraction of actomyosin filaments in certain fibroblasts
58
the finding of granulomatous inflammation in association with eosinophils in tissue would be most consistent with presence of
parasitic infection
59
the proportion of a population with a particular disease that die from the disease is called:
case fatality
60
the secretion of locally acting enzymes by certain bacteria allows:
tissue invasion
61
true or false: the host's inflammatory and immune response to the virus may cause some of the cellular and tissue injury associated with viral infection
true
62
the acute response to viruses is characterized by:
lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages
63
the prions differ from viruses because they:
lack nucleic acids
64
the villi on the surface of gram-negative rods and cocci serve to:
mediate adherence of bacteria to host cells
65
the viruses are:
obligate intracellular organisms
66
the recurrent spikes of fever and chills seen in malaria relate to:
the release of parasitic forms from red blood cells
67
true or false: the presence of an organism in association with the presence of disease is proof of causation
false
68
the incidence of fungal infections is favoured by: - immunosuppression (stress hormones) - systemic use of antibiotics - both
both
69
the body response to rickettsia and chlamydia is characterized by:
mononuclear cells
70
the lipopolysaccharide components of cell walls of gram negative bacteria, which are released into the blood of the host following bacterial death and lysis are termed...
endotoxins
71
the role of T cells in granulomatous inflammation is to:
produce lymphocytokines which inhibit macrophage migration
72
the most common cause of osteomyelitis is
bacterial seeding from the blood
73
the effect of endotoxins on small blood vessels leads to
vasodilation and DIC
74
tuberculosis is characterized by
granulomatous inflammation in lungs or other tissues
75
the cell cycle has mechanisms to detect DNA or chromosomal damage. The G1/S checkpoint...
monitors the integrity of DNA before irreversibly committing to DNA replication
76
the coagulase enzyme produced by staphylococcus aureus is an example of a:
locally acting enzyme
77
viruses which damage the epithelial cells of the upper airways also injure cilia, and thus adversely affect ciliary clearance machinery. This leads to:
increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections
78
which term is most appropriate for a formation of abnormal nodular masses of collagen that occasionally occur as a result of skin wounds?
keloid
79
which of the following represents the appropriate stepwise progression of angiogenesis
1. vasodilation 2. Endothelial cell migration 3. endothelial cell proliferation 4. Remodelling into capillary tubes 5. recruitment of periendothelial cells
80
which of the following wounds is most likely to regenerate entirely
extensive necrosis of surface enterocytes (intestinal mucosal lining)
81
which of the following changes in a complete blood count would be suggestive of a parasitic infection
eosinophilia
82
when normal resident bacterial flora cause disease under certain conditions, it is termed:
opprotunistic infection
83
which of the following statements about protozoal infections is false:
infection can be readily managed with appropriate medications
84
which of the following about protozoal disease is false
they are usually opportunistic infections
85
when inflammation and necrosis destroy permanent cells such as neurones in the brain tissue, the result is
scar tissue
86
which of the following statements about disease caused by helminths is false?
there is often an associated neutrophilia
87
when a micro-organism invades a tissue, the most likely outcome is that the invader will:
die due to both nonspecific and specific infections
88
which of the following statements about fungal diseases is false?
the widespread use of antibiotics has decreased fungal disease
89
which of the following is not an adverse effect caused by viruses
release of viral toxins
90
which of the following represents the end stage of wound repair
dominance of fibrocytes and abundant collagen
91
which of the following organ/cell types are most likely to heal by scarring
myocardial cells

PATH (11 decks)

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