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health sci 2250 > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is health promotion?

A

enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health- “making the healthier choice, the easier choice”

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2
Q

in what year was the 1st international conference of health promotion? organized by who?

A

in 1986. organized by WHO!

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3
Q

when and where was the ottawa charter created?

A

in 1986 at the 1st international conference

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4
Q

compare health promotion and disease prevention

A

HP is a participatory model aimed at the whole population while DP is a medical model aimed at high risk groups in population. HP is multidimensional and generally nonprofessional organizations or diff levels of the government

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5
Q

what is health education?

A

learning experience to aid in voluntary change in behaviours. can only develop if supported by structural measures.

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6
Q

what does lifestyle mean in regards to health promo?

A

means enduring patterns of behaviours and socialization. focuses on determinants of health. it also considered the “heart” of health promo

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7
Q

what are some determinants of health? (list at LEAST 5)

A

income/social status, social environment, physical environment, social support networks, gender, culture, education, personal health practices/coping skills, health services, employment/working condition, health child development, genetics

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8
Q

_______ refers to differences in the health status of individuals, whereas _______ are unfair or unjust and modifiable

A

health inequalities. health inequities

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9
Q

what is equity stratification?

A

to report inequities of diff population groups – by age, sex, neighbourhood, income, etc

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10
Q

what are the 3 focuses of health promotion?

A

advocacy, enabling, mediating (between sectors)

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11
Q

what are the 9 assumptions of health promo?

A

health status is changeable. health and disease are determined by interactions among many factors. behaviour can change which can influence health. relationships, resources, and policies can contribute to health and behaviour changes. intervention can teach HP behaviours or reduce risky ones. determinants, nature, and motivation for behaviour must be understood. initiating and maintaining behaviour change is challenging. individual responsibility doesnt equal victim blaming. for permanent behaviour change, one must be motivated and ready.

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12
Q

what is the process of health promotion?

A

understand and engage with community/target population. assess needs. set goals and objectives. develop intervention. implement intervention. evaluate results.

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13
Q

when was the international union of health education found? where? by who?

A

found in 1951 by Leo Parisot and Lucien Viborel in Paris

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14
Q

when was the lalonde report released? what was the other name for it?

A

a new perspective on the health of canadians was released in 1974

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15
Q

what was released in 1978? and during what event?

A

the alma-ata declaration was released at the alma-ata conference on primary health

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16
Q

when and who adopted the Health for All by the Year 2000 resolution?

A

in 1979 by WHO

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17
Q

when was the 1st global conference on health promo? what were the results?

A

was in 1986! resulted in the release of the ottawa charter and another document called achieving health for all which is also known as the EPP report

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18
Q

what document from the conference in 1986 was intended for international use? what was for national use?

A

ottawa charter for international use. and EPP for national

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19
Q

when was the public health agency of canada formed?

A

in 2004

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20
Q

when did WHO release a commission on social determinants of health report?

A

2008

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21
Q

how was health info relayed during ww2?

A

pamphlets, posters, books, newspapers, film strips, radio

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22
Q

how can the development of health promo be described in the 1950s-1960s?

A

social scientists and communication specialists involved in the development of model to understand predict health behaviours.

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23
Q

what were the 4 factors said to contribute to health of population in the lalonde report? what is this concept called?

A

human bio, environment, lifestyle, & healthcare organization. it is called the health field concept

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24
Q

what document introduced the term of health promo?

A

lalonde report

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25
around when did support for health promo begin to weaken?
1994
26
what was released in 1994? its impact?
why are some people health and others not? --- health canada tried to integrate population health and health promotion, they also provided funding
27
what led to cuts in prevention and health promotion? when was this?
in 2008 due to the global economic crisis
28
what impact did the lalonde report have?
advocated for investment in more than just health services. was met with indifference and even mocked at first. but did introduce many things and gained much attention
29
what did critics say in the 1970s about health promotion? (critic and stepforward)
simply providing info could lead to victim blaming. need to change environemt
30
describe the impacts of the EPP report
was discussed across canada in workshops. the knowledge development (KD) strategy involved literacy reviews of EPP framework and more. initiatives to grow healthy communities. increased funding from contribution programs
31
what did antonovsky contribute?
he developed the salutogenic model (health enhancing) which someone opposes pathogenic (diseases). it is designed to reduce entropy which is disorder and chaos - while also generating coherence (predictable internal/external environment).
32
what were the 3 main elements of the salutogenic model? what do they affect?
comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. which affect what we experience and how make sense of it and the world -- as well as the extent to which we can manage and cope with challenges
33
how can empowerment be viewed as?
synonymous with health (positive), achieving (positive) health, or as the means&end
34
how does salutogenesis relate to empowerment?
two elements: comprehensibility and manageability related to control and also empowerment BUT it (empowerment) conflicts with meaningfulness
35
what are the 7 principles in the perth charter?
mental health not just lack of mental illness but also wellbeing. foundation of social and emotional wellbeing developed in early childhood and must be sustained throughout life. mental health promo must be integrated with public health and requires cross sectional approach. mental health and illness are constricted, experienced, and viewed as different to physical health and illness. mental health and mental illness are a dynamic balance. destigmatisation of mental illness and addressing discrimination is essential. mental health promo must take place at individual and societal levels
36
what was shanghai declaration's call to action?
it recognized health as a political choice. they will counteract interests detrimental to health and remove barriers to empowerment. they pledged to increase the implementation of sustainable development goals thru increased political commitment and investment in health promotion
37
what is the aim of the empowerment model in regards to health promotion?
to remove obstacles to rational decision making and freedom of choice. different in case of addiction and compulsive behaviours
38
what is racism?
a systemin problem including structures, policies, and norms that assign value and opportunities based on people's skin
39
how is premature death different for black people in the US?
every 7 mins, a black person dies prematurely due to unequal health
40
what were the 3 scales to measure racism mentioned in the tedtalk?
major experiences of discrimination, everyday discrimination, and discrimination in medical care
41
what is unconscious racism?
implicit bias. having believe in one negative stereotype makes you bound to treat them less in some sort of way
42
what can be said about negative images and stereotypes?
negative images and stereotypes sustain institutional and individual discrimination
43
what is dissent in regard to racism?
opposition to commonly held idea - simple changes do lots
44
what is blindspot bias?
when you see bias in others but not yourself
45
Our brain’s ability to make connections between two concepts is known as _________________
associative learning
46
In the video, Privilege 101, the metaphor of the _________ is used to explain privilege.
coin
47
what is privilege?
advantages/resources given to social groups - unavailable to others
48
what analogy for intersectionality was used in the ted talk?
traffic
49
what is affinity bias?
favouring people similar to yourself
50
what is "prove it again"?
groups of people who are least favoured and have to go above and beyond for approval
51
what is "benefit of doubt"?
treating people in the dominant group better
52
describe exclusion
fully excluded - no resources etc
53
describe segregation
excluded - have fewer resources
54
describe integration
in same society but less resources compared
55
describe inclusion
equal terms! same society and same resources
56
health inequities are _____, _____, and ______?
avoidable, unfair, and unjust
57
health disparities are?
differences in health among groups of people
58
heart disease rates are ___% higher in indigenous populations?
50
59
what is the jordans principle?
ensures theres equality and no gaps in publicly funded health, social, and education programs, services and support for first nations children
60
according to the ottawa charter, what are the pre reqs for health?
food, income, stable ecosystem, peace, shelter, education, sustainable resources, social justice
61
name the domains of the applied decolonial framework for health promo
reflection, planning, action
62
what is the term used to describe a categorical assessment of individuals and relationships between individuals?
schema
63
what could be said about the applied decolonial framework for health promo?
interactive & non-sequential, work in one domain can affect another, and employing all 3 allows one to be fully engaged in the decolonial process
64
describe the reflection domain of the applied decolonial framework for health promo
assessing long term effects of colonization (direct and subtle effects on modern day social structures and forces that maintain colonial oppression). examine the ways the colonial legacy influence modern practice and perspective of health promotion
65
describe the planning domain of the applied decolonial framework for health promo
planning for decolonizing action. engage in mutual dialog with PCL and honouring wisdom
66
describe the action domain of the applied decolonial framework for health promo
mobilizing communities and building alliances (to resist further marginalization), engaging in social justice. all of this helps to empower partners to believe in possibility of change
67
what is anti oppression
readdressing social structures which cause disadvantages
68
what does the coin represent in the model discussed?
social structure which produces and maintains inequality
69
what can be said about feelings of guilt that come from the top of the coin?
they strengthen the system instead of dismantling it. it protects ignorance and allows continuation of the system
70
what does practicing allyship mean?
looking at material resources within ones control and intentionally finding ways to shift those resources into the pockets of people on the bottom of the coin
71
the ottawa charter policies include…?
build healthy public policy create supportive environments strengthen community action develop personal skills reorient health services (upstream approach)
72
what was covered in the ottawa charter?
it was a declaration that identifies the prerequisites for health as well as three basic strategies for health promotion: advocacy, enabling and mediation
73
why was the pb & j analogy used?
like pb&j, black men and violence are often associated w eachother
74
what is the story of the jordan principle?
named after Jordan Anderson who died at the age of 5 in a hospital in winnipeg due to the federal and provincial gov arguing who would fund his care which prolonged his treatment
75
over ____ black people die every single day who would not die if the health of blacks and whites were equal
200
76
what is paternalism?
policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights.
77
describe the relationship between health promo and health edu
health promo is rooted in health edu... health edu is a part of health promo
78
what is the CIHI?
Canadian Institute for Health Information
79
describe inequity using inequality
unfair and avoidable inequalities
80
what is a CIHI tool kit?
it is designed to help you plan your analysis, analyze your data, and report your findings -- helps identify health differences and monitor closing the gaps between subpopulations
81
what is the link between structural and intermediate determinants of health?
social cohesion and capital
82
without health edu, health promo would be?
a manipulative social engineering enterprise
83
in what ways are institutions tackling the effects of racism on health?
lawyers added to medical teams to address other issues, colleges to teach job skills to minorities of low income, high-quality day care until age 5, health evaluation as part of freshman orientation, etc
84
from when to when, was the period of residential schools?
1886-1996
85
from when to when was the enslavement of blacks?
1600s-1834
86
what was the headtax? from when to when was it around?
a tax placed on people entering. it was from 1881-1947
87
from when to when were the internment camps?
1941-1949
88
describe equality, equity, and justice
equality: equal resources. equity: resources to help achieve equal results. justice: fixing system to achieve equal results

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