Midterm 1

Question 1

What determines the identity of the element?

Answer 1

The number of protons in an atom determines its elemental identity

Question 2

What determines the reactivity of the element?

Answer 2

The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Question 3

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 3

When atoms share one or more electrons

Question 4

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 4

The transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 5

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 5

When a slightly positive charged hydrogen atom bonds with a slightly negative hydrogen atom

Question 6

What are the unusual properties of water that makes it essential for living organisms?

Answer 6

Cohesion, large heat capacity, low density as a solid, and its a good solvent

Question 7

Role of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Energy

Question 8

Role of lipids?

Answer 8

Energy, forms the cell membranes, and hormones

Question 9

Role of proteins?

Answer 9

Carry out all functions

Question 10

Role of nucleic acids?

Answer 10

Blueprint for our cells

Question 11

What are cells?

Answer 11

the smallest unit of life than can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life, like reproducing itself

Question 12

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 12

Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus while eukaryotes have a nucleus and are 10x larger

Question 13

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 13

Chloroplast

Question 14

Function of the nucleus?

Answer 14

Genetic control center

Question 15

Function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 15

Provides shape and support

Question 16

Function of the mitochondria?

Answer 16

Power house of the cell

Question 17

Function of lysosomes?

Answer 17

Act as garbage disposals

Question 18

Function of the rough er?

Answer 18

modifies proteins that will be shipped to other locations

Question 19

Function of the smooth er?

Answer 19

synthesizes lipids and detoxifies molecules such as drugs and alcohol

Question 20

Function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 20

processes and packages lipids, proteins, and other molecules for export to other parts of the organism

Question 21

Function of the vacuole?

Answer 21

stores nutrients, retains and degrades waste products, and provides physical support

Question 22

Function of the chloroplast?

Answer 22

plant cell’s power plant. Site of photosynthesis

Question 23

Define diffusion

Answer 23

Passive transport. There’s simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion

Question 24

Define osmosis

Answer 24

The passive diffusion of water. Water will always move toward the side that has the greatest concentration of solutes

Question 25

Define active transport

Answer 25

The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of high concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy

Question 26

Define endocytosis

Answer 26

used for bulk transport of particles. A process when cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane. There are three types: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 27

Define exocytosis

Answer 27

the method by which cells export products for use in another location

Question 28

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 28

plants capture energy from the sun and store it in the chemical bonds of sugar and other food molecules

Question 29

What is a synthesis reaction?

Answer 29

Occurs when 2 or more reactants combine to form a single product. Examples include "A + B --> AB" and "Na + Cl --> NaCl"

Question 30

What is photo reaction?

Answer 30

A chemical reaction initiated by the absorption of energy in the form of light