quiz 4 Flashcards
(30 cards)
steps of cellular respiration
glycolysis, ACETYL CoA, krebs cycle, electron chain reaction
what requires 1 fuel and 2 oxygen
cellular respiration
what increases the amount of useable energy that is generated during cellular respiration
breakdown of food
what is used to make ATP in the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
what is an allele
alternative version of a gene that code for the same trait
what is an exon?
coding region of DNA that encodes protein
what is an intron
non-coding region spliced out in mRNA
genes =
exons + introns
what is a genotype
the allele (genetic makeup) that is present in an organism
what is a phenotype
the physical manifestations of the instructions
5 tools of biotechnology
chop, amplify, insert, grow, and identify
what is CRISPR
a gene editing system that brings greater precision and efficiency to modifying genomes
4 steps of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
what is apoptosis
the pre-planned process of cell suicide
two types of eukaryotic cells
somatic and reproductive
what happens during metaphase
sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell
what happens during anaphase
the system chromatid pairs are pulled apart by the spindle fibers. 1 full set of chromosomes goes to one side of the cell and another identical set goes to the other side
what happens during telophase
the chromosomes begin to uncoil as the nuclear membrane reassembles around them
what are gametes
sperm + egg
what are diploid cells
somatic cells (23 pairs)
what are haploid cells
gametes (23)
what ingredients must be present in the cytoplasm for translation to occur?
free amino acids, ribosomal units, and transfer RNA
how many possible codons are there?
64 (4 x 4 x 4)
what are the steps of translation?
Recognize and initiate protein building, elongate, and terminate
