Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

soci 201 > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sociology

A

scientific study of human society and social behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

society

A

largest scale social structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

macrosociology

A

society, large scale institutions and large groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

microsociology

A

small groups and individual social interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

charles wright mills

A
  • coined “sociological imagination”
  • people and society are deeply linked, can’t understand one without the other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sociological imagination

A

a vivid awareness of the relationship between a personal experience and the wider society
- groups we belong to help shape our individual behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

peter berger

A
  • sociological perspective
  • seeing general in the particular
  • seeing strange in the familiar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

agency

A

ability to make free, independent decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

social structure

A

organized pattern of social relationships in society
(doesn’t necessarily restrict agency but influences opportunity and resources)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

scientific method

A

creation of a hypothesis through systematic observation and measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

objectivity

A

lack of bias, prejudice or judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is sociology a science

A

tend to study the social world through objective and subjective means, must be aware of own biases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

father of sociology

A

Auguste Comte
- named sociology (1838)
- believed that systematic study of human behavior could improve society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Harriet Martineau

A
  • translated comte’s work into English
  • argued that we should study society to benefit it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Herbert Spencer

A
  • sought to understand society, not change it
  • applied evolutionary theory to society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Emile Durkheim big ideas

A
  • division of labor
  • more social cohesion= less suicide
  • elementary forms of religious life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Karl Marx

A
  • critique of capitalism
  • 6 things to destroy capitalism (high worker alienation, high class divide, labor or surplus theory of value, declining profit, fetishism of commodities, working class antagonism)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Max Weber

A
  • protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism
  • trust in capital is very important
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

WEB DuBois

A
  • study of structural racism as a significant social constraint
  • chicago school of thought
  • double consciousness: identity is divided in to separate parts (how you see yourself and how others see you)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chicago school of thought

A
  • microsociology
  • individual interpretation of human interaction
  • symbolic interactionists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

canadian sociologists

A
  • Harold Innis
  • John porter
  • Jim Curtis
  • Wendy Chan
  • Rinaldo Walcott
  • Kate bezanson
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Harold Innis

A
  • political economy
  • relationships b/w individual and society, market and state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

John Porter

A
  • inequality in canada (race, gender, social class)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

common sense

A

knowledge we get from life experiences/conversations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fake news

A

misinformation being spread as authentic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

theory

A

set of propositions intended to explain social phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Robert Putnam

A

more television watching = less civil involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Paul Lazarsfeld

A
  • people don’t blindly follow, they are able to decide for themselves
  • 2 step flow model: uses palatable opinions for the public, gets opinioned leader to steer beliefs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Functionalism

A
  • social stability
  • society as interconnected parts
  • Talcott Parsons
  • Robert Merton
  • Emile Durkheim
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Talcott parsons

A
  • translated Weber’s text to english
  • society tends towards balance, one part doesn’t change without other parts adjusting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Robert Merton

A
  • manifest functions: intended outcomes of a social institution
  • latent functions: unintended (less visible) outcomes
  • dysfunctions: system not functioning properly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

functionalism: Emile Durkheim

A
  • rapid social change affects stability
  • complex societies = less in common
  • anomie: normlessness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

conflict theory

A
  • assumes social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict b/w competing groups over scarce resources
  • life as a continuous power struggle
  • society is organized around social inequalities (bourgeoisie vs proletariat)
  • Karl Marx: capitalist mode of production is problematic
    ^ class consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

class consciousness

A

recognizing their own exploitation could overthrow the owners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

symbolic interactionism

A
  • people create meaning through interxn
  • microsociological perspective
  • Erving Goffman
  • George Herbert Mead
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Erving Goffman

A
  • backstage interxn: fully yourself in absence of expectations and norms
  • frontstage interxn: expectations and norms dictate behavior
  • shakesperian explanation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

George Herbert Mead

A
  • develop sense of self through watching others react to us (significant others)
  • I: unsocialized self (impulsive, creative, spontaneous
  • Me: socialized by others (reflects values and norms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Feminism

A
  • focus on gender inequality and patriarchical dominance
  • Dorothy Smith
  • 1st wave: some women can vote
  • 2nd wave: wider social equality, treated women as a group with common experiences
  • 3rd wave: all women’s voices are different
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Dorothy Smith

A
  • standpoint: knowledge stems from social position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

bell hooks

A

intersectionality: a woman’s oppression is unique to her particular circumstances
- race and gender impact lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

unobtrusive measures

A

measures unaffected by respondent participation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

validity

A

accurately measuring a concept

43
Q

reliability

A

consistent results

44
Q

culture

A

shared set of influences (beliefs, rules, values, behaviors, language, objects)

45
Q

sanctions

A

rewards for sticking to a norm, punishment for violating it

46
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

language shapes reality

47
Q

cultural universals

A

practices found in every culture
- language, sport, gifts, religion, laws, music

48
Q

innovation

A
  • existing cultural items are manipulated to produce smth new and socially valuable
49
Q

diffusion

A
  • spread of cultural items of practices from one group to another
  • globalization
50
Q

subculture

A

shares elements of dominant culture but also has its own distinctive values and norms

51
Q

countercultures

A

rejects conventional norms and values and adopts alternatives

52
Q

culture shock

A

feeling of disorientation experienced when encountering unfamiliar cultural practices (psychological anomie)

53
Q

ethnocentrism

A

evaluating cultures based on own cultural lens

54
Q

cultural relativism

A

understanding a culture on its own terms

55
Q

xenocentrism

A

everything about another culture is superior to one’s own

56
Q

canadian culture

A
  • multiculturalism
  • not a strong sense of unified culture
57
Q

functionalism views on culture

A
  • cultural practices contribute to social stability
  • allows people to understand one another to work towards common goals
58
Q

conflict theory views on culture

A
  • culture maintains privilege of certain groups
  • culture reflects dominant ideology of society (assimilation of oppressed groups)
59
Q

symbolic interactionist views on culture

A
  • how culture is maintained through face to face interactions
  • perpetuated through daily interxns (define norms and values)
60
Q

feminism views on culture

A
  • aspects perpetuate inequality
  • may reinforce gender roles
  • reflects societal views of men and women
61
Q

socialization

A

social learning through interxn and become a functional member of society

62
Q

biological determinism

A
  • behavior is defined by genetic makeup
  • behavior evolves over time to secure survival of species
63
Q

nurture argument

A
  • we are products of our environment
  • social env’t is key to behavior
64
Q

primary socialization

A
  • learning that occurs in child’s earliest years
  • family settings
65
Q

secondary socialization

A
  • ongoing and lifelong process of socialization
  • less effect on dev’t and self image
66
Q

functionalism on socialization

A
  • essential in establishing and internalizing norms, values, rules
  • teaches social integration
  • babies are blank slates
67
Q

conflict theory and socialization

A
  • about power and control
  • teaches people their place in society
  • ignore structural factors
68
Q

feminism and socialization

A
  • structures of patriarchy
  • learning sex appropriate behaviour
69
Q

symbolic interactionist and socialization

A
  • modify sense of self through interxns
70
Q

george herbert mead and socialization

A

SI
- prepatory stage: imitation
- play stage: begins to take on roles
- game stage: understands position in social group

71
Q

charles horton cooley and socialization

A

SI
- looking glass self: sense of oneself comes from interpreting what others think of us

72
Q

Freud

A

Id: impulses, ego: balance, superego: conservative

73
Q

Jean Piaget

A

sensorimotor, preoperational, operational, formal operational stages of dev’t

74
Q

agents of socialization

A

things that influence our daily lives helping us becomes functioning members of society (family is most important)

75
Q

schools hidden curriculum

A

informal rules about our place in society, evaluation, peers

76
Q

resocialization

A

unlearning previous socialization and relearning a new one in a new situation

77
Q

total institutions

A

places where people are monitored 24/7 (massive resocialization)

78
Q

status

A
  • defined social position in social system
  • less tangible than class ($)
79
Q

master status

A

status that dominates the others, may shift depending on context

80
Q

ascribed status

A

assigned at birth

81
Q

achieved status

A

work towards (may be constrained by ascribed status)

82
Q

social scripts

A

culturally constructed and enforced practices built on norms

83
Q

role conflict

A

demands of 2 of your roles conflict (teacher and wife)

84
Q

role strain

A

one of your statuses has conflicting demands (wanna be smart but not a know-it-all)

85
Q

role exit

A

leaving a role

86
Q

primary group

A

small intimate group (more socialization)

87
Q

secondary group

A

formal and impersonal group

88
Q

ingroup

A

group which you belong

89
Q

outgroup

A

different group or don’t belong in

90
Q

reference group

A

group we use to compare ourselves to (standard for behaviour)

91
Q

coalition

A

groups working together for common goals

92
Q

social networks

A

connections in different social circles

93
Q

social institutions

A

persistent behavioral and relationship patterns in society (regulate behaviour)

94
Q

functionalism and social structure

A
  • emile durkheim
  • max weber
95
Q

emile durkheim and social structure

A
  • mechanical solidarity: agricultural, collective wellbeing, families are self-reliant, minimal division of labor
  • organic solidarity: industrial, division of labor, interdependence, not self-sufficient
96
Q

max weber and social structure

A
  • gemeinschaft: communal forms of solidarity, shared past
  • Gesellschaft: solidarity built on contracts, markets, not based in emotion or shared past, individuality/ competition
97
Q

conflict theory and social structure

A
  • social institutions meet basic needs
  • critique efficiency and desirability
  • maintain privilege of powerful people
98
Q

symbolic interactionists and social structure

A
  • daily interxns create social structure
99
Q

feminism and social structure

A
  • gendered
  • can become a disadvantage to some
100
Q

organizations

A

large secondary groups that have a collective goal

101
Q

formal organizations

A

deliberately planned group to achieve goal

102
Q

bureaucracy

A

formal organizations that thrive in both public and private sector
- can be slow to change, rigid rules can be inefficient

103
Q

max weber’s ideal bureaucracy

A
  • division of labor produced to maximize efficiency
  • hierarchy or positions
  • rules are clear and written
  • roles are carried out without personal considerations
  • positions are filled based on qualifications and merit
104
Q

McDonalization

A

principles of fast food dominate organizations
- efficiency
- predictability
- calculability (quantity over quality)
- control (non-human tech)

soci 201 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions