Flashcards in Midterm 1 Deck (62):
1
What is space
an area on the earths surface of any size.
2
when we look at something with spatial perspective it means..
we are observing variations in some geography phenomena or activity across space
3
a space often has
unclear or undefined boundaries which mean different things to different people
4
what is location
geographic situation or position of people and things
5
true or false: a location can precisely be determined?
true
6
locations help to establish the
context within which events and processes are situated
7
what are the two meanings of scale?
1. the territorial or spatial extent of something
2. distance on a map
8
describe the first meaning of scale
- what happens at the global scale can affect the local scale and vice versa and every level in-between
9
what is large scale?
large scale, large detail. You would measure a classroom or something very detailed on the map.
10
what are the three main types of maps?
1. reference map
2. thematic map
3. mental (concept) map
11
describe reference map
- focus on the accuracy showing the absolute locations of places, using a coordinated system that allows for the precise plotting of where something is on earth
12
describe thematic map
- tell stories of narratives showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomena
1. Eg. Peter Gould, the slow plague
13
describe mental map
- are maps in our minds. They can be of places we have been or locations and places we have merely imagined.
14
examples of geomatic technology
- remote sensing
- gis
-gps
15
four types of projections
1. cylindrical
2. conic
3. planar
4. interrupted
16
describe cylindrical projections
- paper that is wrapper around the world
- most accurate where the paper touches
- bad for the poles (if the paper is around the equator)
- europeans invented this because they wanted to explore the area around the equator
17
who invented the first cylindrical projection and when
mercator in 1569
18
who improved mercator map and when
robinson 1963
19
describe conic projections
- like putting a cone over the globe
- for where the most people live - in NH
- europeans wanted better mapping for the north
- not accurate for the equator
20
describe planar projections
- best for mapping the poles
- developed for the poles
- shows how close together the continents are
21
describe interrupted
-scale of land masses are completely accurate
- good for mapping lands
- bad for oceans
22
describe John Snows map
- map of cholera in the UK in 1854
- was the queens doctor
-made a map between cholera cases and water pumps
- took the handle off the pumps and cholera stopped
23
details of early haida gwaii map
- first mapped by George Dixon and was not very detailed
- not detailed because he wanted to claim that land even though people were already living there
24
social geography
- has a lot to do with identity
- asking key geographic questions about social factors and social phenomena
25
identity
- partly defined by yourself, partly by others
- We construct our own identities thorough experiences, emotions, connections, and rejections
26
types of social idenities
- race
-religion
-sexuality
-gender
-ethnicity
-class
-language
-age groupings
27
what is intersectionality
- people have multiple identities which can change in different contexts
intersecting identities
28
relationship between place and identity
people associate places with their identity which gives places meanings
29
difference between location, space, and place
people are prepared to defend places because they're tired in with their identity
30
what is placelessness
people can feel this when they lost a place that is important to them or when human landscapes appear similar or become indistinguishable
31
definition of a city
a conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics
32
definition of an urban area
the entire build up, non-rural area and its population, including the space of the central city and suburbs
33
what is urbanization
the process of how cities change and grow over time
34
what does it mean to be urbanized
the relative proportion of people living in urban areas tells us how urbanized the country is
35
suburb
a subsidiary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city. ,many are functionally uniform
36
what is the CBD
central business district - is in the heart of downtown
37
what is a zone
- piece of the city that has a specific use
- an area of a city with a relatively uniform land use or function such as industrial zone or a residential zone
38
central city
- urban area that is not suburban
- generally older or original city surrounded by suburbs
39
two meanings for residential neighbourhoods
1. 1920s clarence perry designed neighbourhoods to be safe for children
2. a cultural concept - people living in a community in a particular place. they create meaning
40
urban morphology
the study of physical form and structure of urban places
41
3 models of north american cities
1. concentric zones (Burgess)
2. sector model (hoyt)
3. multiple nuclei model (Ullman and Harris)
42
describe the concentric zone model
- Ernest burgess
-from his study in chicago in the 1920s
- divides the city into 5 zones by function
1. CBD
2. transition zone - residential deterioration and encroachment by businesses
3. blue collar - lower class workers
4. transition zone - buffer of working class
5. commuters and the suburbs
43
describe sector model
- homer hoyt in 1939
- the city grows outward
- lower class live next to trains thats go all night
- middle class as buffers
- higher class live farther away near parks and green spaces
44
describe multiple nuclei model
Chauncey Harris and Edward Ullman in 1945
- based on the motorcar
-suburbs developed CBDs of their own because CBD was losing dominance as the nuclei
- people want to live in suburbs
- lower class where the work is
45
latin american model
- ernest griffin and larry ford 1980
-developed model to describe latin american cities
- vibrant CBD
- disammentites sector outside of city where the poorer people live
- rich people live downtown - opposite from other models
- zone of in city accretion - things are going up
46
south east asian model
TG Magee 1967
- model entered on the port zone - shipping to europe
- government zone surrounded by high class residents, parks
- squatter cities - poorer people lived below
47
sub saharan africa model
- foul berg et al. 2012
- 3 CBDs
-townships coincide with race
48
what is urban sprawl
unrestricted growth of na houses, commercial places, and roads over a large piece of land
it is not necessarily planned
49
what is a mega city
population greater than 10 million
50
what is a mega urban region
population of 1 million or more within a continuous territory inhabited at urban levels of high residency density
51
what is commercialization
transformation of an area into an area with greater economic activity
52
what is gentrification
when people buy up and rehabilitate houses in a previous abandoned or rundown neighbourhood increasing the house value
53
what is new urbanism
creating walkable neighbourhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs. counters urban sprawl
54
what is urban hierarchy
when you line up cities by their population from largest to smallest
55
what is a primate city
it is when the first city is way bigger than the second
56
what is rank size rule
Chris taller said that the population size of a city in the urban hierarchy has a direct relationship to the population size of the largest city
- population of biggest city x 1/n of its rank
57
what is central place theory
- Christaller 1993
-Tried to explain how and where central places such as cities, towns, and villages, in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another
58
mega city vs. world city
- a mega city is a city that has over 10 million people
- a world city does not have a size but is more connected to the rest of the world than to their country
59
describe culture
- it is a set of shared belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a particular group of people
60
describe urban local culture
- a local culture enables a tight nit community to practice within a larger city
61
whats is cultural consumption
Turning cultural artifacts or traditions or values or arts into a commercial venture separate from the traditions from which they came and often without benefit to the communities whose culture is appropriated for this purpose
62