Midterm 1 Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
When did tv emerge in homes?
A
1950’s
2
Q
Who developed the first tube transmitting images using light converted electrons?
A
Philo Farnsworth
3
Q
Where and when did TV make its first debut?
A
Philadelphia (Franklin Institute) in 1935 by Philo Farnsworth
4
Q
When did the FCC adopt technical and ownership standards of TV in the US
A
1941
5
Q
How many lines was TV Supposed to be and how many frames per second
A
525
Thirty
6
Q
Between what years did the FCC new tv licence and why?
A
1948 to 1952 and to set standards for ownership control
7
Q
In 1948 how many US Households had a tv?
A
1%
8
Q
By 1960 how many homes had a tv?
A
Over 90%
9
Q
When and where was the first TV Show Aired?
A
In New York (At the World’s Fair) in 1939
10
Q
Who was Camel Cigarette branded by when shows had one soul sponsor?
A
John Cameron Swayze
11
Q
TV in the 1940’s
A
- World war 2 shortages, conservation efforts stall broadcasts
- Radio news moves to tv
- FCC Fairness Doctrine requries TV to air conflicting views on important subjects
- First CBS episode of ‘See it now’ Airs
- Single corporate sponsors for news and entertainment shows
- Radio Genres move to tv
- CBS, NBC, and Dumont form
- NBC and CBS do first newscast
- FCC Freezes number of licence due to poor signals
- Cost of tv $400 (1948)
12
Q
What Radio genres move to tv in the 1940’s
A
Westerns, sitcoms, variety, quiz, and mystery
13
Q
What Radio themes move to tv in the 1940’s
A
Upward mobility, assimilation and suburbanization
14
Q
What tragedy struck tv in the 1950’s
A
in 1953 a Quiz show (Twenty One) rigged the game to increase drama and capture audiences. This destroyed the trustworthy and pure believe that tv had garnered
15
Q
TV in the 1950’s
A
- Woman are told that their voices are not authoritative enough to deliver news
- Radio’s Pauline Frederick makes it to tv and reports on the UN
- Quiz show scandal (1953)
- Networks start selling time rather than shows to avoid commercial influence on content after scandal
- ‘I love Lucy’ airs as first scripted show with live audience
- FCC sets standards for compatible black and white color signals
16
Q
1960’s Network and Audience Peak
A
- 90% of US has TV
- There are 600 stations
- Major networks take control (NBC, CBS,ABC)
- Broadcast journalism rises to top
- Authority newscasters re-establish TV credibility (ie: Edward Murrow, Walter Conkite, Dan Rathers, David Brinkley, and Chet Huntley)
- Anchors try to create familial tones by holding cigarette in hand or saying goodbye to do-anchor
17
Q
When was public broadcasting creates
A
1967
18
Q
How much did Dan Rathers make to set the standard for national news commentators
A
2.2 Million for 10 year contract
19
Q
By what time were there hundreds of more channels
A
1980’s with cable
20
Q
1960’s Civil Rights, tech affects content
A
- FCC chair Newton Minow delivers famous ‘Vast Wasteland’ speech about poor programs containing senseless violence, mindless comedy and offensive advertising (1961)
21
Q
1970’s TV
A
- Authoritative figurehead mystique wanes
- Family shows call for a simpler lost past
- Variety of shows embrace youth culture
- Socially relevant sitcoms challenge audiences
- Viewership peaks by the end of this decade
- Cable, satellite, home video machine and market, personal video recorders, TiVo and the internet give viewers more power. This reduced views
- Major networks take a hit because government constricts network control
22
Q
1980’s - 2000’s
A
- Live cable coverage takes off CNN forms (1980)
- Networks dominate despite competition
- Creative financing
- Independent producers
- Product placement (cross marketing)
- Syndication
23
Q
In the 1970’s how were networks hit by the new government regulations
A
- Lost right to program during first hour of prime time and to run their of syndicate companies
24
Q
What year was the right to own Syndicate companies restored?
A
1995
25
Define Syndication
The licensing of multiple radio and TV stations to broadcast radio and TV programs without going through the broadcast network
26
Define First-run syndication
A broadcast that is made directly and first and foremost for sale through syndication
27
DefineOff-Network Syndication
A broadcast that was originally run on network TV or first-run syndication but has been given a license to be sold through syndication (ie: a rerun (usually found on smaller networks such a FOX))
28
Define Public Broadcasting Syndication
A broadcast that shares public broadcasting with other networks that compete with them on a small scale
29
TV 2000's to Present
- Innovation
| - Online Presence (Social media)
30
The Multi-Screen Experience
- TV and the internet working together (Smart TV)
- Different viewing
- Screen size flexible to lifestyle
- Control of content flow - Touch responsive
- Tailored to consumer habits
31
Power of the Audience
- Empowered Viewers
- Willing to engage
- Create ecosystem of interactive media with TV
- Care about the new TV
- Bottom up influence
- Ultimate collaboration of Producer and consumer (make shows together)
32
A New Dimension
- 3D Technology (eventually no glasses, all senses)
- Immersive response
- Need content, hardware, broadcast, distribution (as in past)
- Video games setting standard
33
Evolution of Advertising
- Creating deeper relationships through interaction
- Prime time viewing remains important
- Large audiences still appreciate TV shows
- Social media happens simultaneously
- Attractive targeted viewers
- Targeting consumers
- Good storytelling/ content is KEY
34
Future Programming Trends
- Subject matter becoming more personalized
- Reality TV in more dramatic situations
- Bigger spectacles while still being more personal
- Projects that can be branded
- Repurpose content to fit Gen Y's expectations
- Be entertaining and insightful
- Shop while you watch
- Cross Marketing
- Augmented Reality
35
Whats Next for TV
- Tech Changes
- OLED
- AI
- Interface with Mobile Devices
- Pulls together favorite interfaces
- More flashy ideas
- Holograms?
36
Novelty, or Development, Stage
When pioneers tried to make TV work through Airwaves
37
Entrepreneurial Stage
When innovators tried to find a marketable use for TV
38
Mass Medium Stage
When businesses tried to figure out how to market the device as a consumer product
39
Oral and Written Communication
- Written word was an innovation and there was resistance to it
- In a broad sense media is any manmade interference between humans
- Plato promoted the value of speech to guide the formation of opinions about subject matter
40
Printed Communication
- From the elite to the common people
- Invention of printing press and the mass printing of the Bible paved the way for major social and cultural changes by transmitting knowledge across national boundaries and stimulating the rise of the middle class
41
When was the printing press made
1450
42
Electronic and Digital Communication
- The telegraph made communication instantaneous, changing information into a commodity and planting seed for this form of communication
- Never had the power of mass media been greater to promote the sharing or contesting of cultural values of American Society.
- This is the most immediate and pervasive mass message
43
Define Genre
- A category of artistic expression characterized by a particular form or content
44
How do genres affect TV
Provide framework for marketing, programming, distribution and advertising
45
Define Derivative
Imitated, adapted, borrowed from, like another, drawn from
46
Are genres derivatives or original
Derivatives
47
How can genres be exhausted/
Over saturation in the market
48
What are some main genre categories
- Drama
- Comedy
- Action
- Adventure
- Education
- Politics
- Nature
- News
- Children
- Romance
- SCIFI
...etc
49
Mid Spectrum Genre Television
- Sports
- Variety Shows
- Morning Television
- Animal and Nature Shows
- Game Shows
- Competition TV
- Reality TV
50
Define Subgenre
Smaller, more niche oriented classifications of larger genres categories
51
Why television Loves hybrids
- Greater potential for longevity
- Greater appeal to wider audience
- Increase the diversity of cast and characters
- Increase story diversity
- Increase the marketing potential
- Cross promotional
- Profit
52
Define Voyeurism
The compulsion to seek (sexual) gratification by secretly looking at (sexual) objects or acts.
53
Social TV
- Tech surrounding TV that promotes communication and social interaction related to program content
- Watching TV while engaging in real time communication and interactivity with shows
- Not a ratings system, but a vastly expanding and important institutional system critical in the evaluation of audiences, content and data
54
Define Interactive TV
Lets views interact with the set
55
Define Social TV
Lets Viewers interact with other people watching in different locations
56
Define Smart TV
Hardware providing the interactive TV experience
57
Convergence
- Internet meshing with TV
- TV becoming as social as computers
- Inserting social media into TV
- Can refer to previously separated communication tech such as voice data and video
- With convergence these distinct areas of communication and media now share resources and interact with each other synergistically
- Saves money and consolidates resources (ie: journalism)
58
Social Evoluation
- Google TV (2010)
- Social exchange about shows and videos
- Twitter (2011)
- Interaction of millions
- Sometimes shows base decision off viewers advice
- Get Glue (2012)
- Let viewers check into favorite shows, music and more
- More recently
- Netflix, hulu, DirecTV... etc
59
Convergence and Audiences
- Combined resources can increase the quality and quantity of a media product
- Results in increased customer satisfaction
- Leads to a larger audience, increased convenience, increased breadth of info, better experience for audience, audience may choose which media platform to access for content
60
Convergence and visibility
- Cross promotion
- Extra content
- Logos and advertising increase exposure
- Increased exposure of other media within an org. or media outlit
61
Convergence and the Future
- Tech is the driving force
- Computers and tech decrease in size while increasing in speed and capability
- Faster and larger converged websites as "goto" hotspots for all media, bypassing older and outdated forms of delivery such as traditional TV
62
How many corporations owned all of media in 1983?
50
63
What year did Reagan deregulate media ownership?
1983
64
What was the Cable Act
- 1984
- Originally cable was used to boost weak local signals and create "Community Access Television" or "Public Access Television"
- Pre-empted local regulation and nationalized or regionalized the cable system into large corporate franchises.
65
Telecommunications Act of 1996
- Amended the communications act of 1934
- Title 3 allowed 'media cross ownership." This had a big impact on cable and emerging wireless
- According to FCC, the goal of the law: "to let anyone enter the communications business - to let any communications business compete in any market against any other."
- The legislation's primary goal was deregulation of the converging broadcast and telecom markets
66
Todays Impact of the Telecommunications Act
- Created corporate behemoths that control most of what we watch hear and read
- They own TV networks, cable channels, movie studios, newspapers, magazines, publishing houses..etc
67
How many corporations owned the media in 2011
6 controlled 90% of media
68
Who were the big 6?
NBC Universal/Comcast, Disney, 21st Century Fox/News Corp/Rupert Murdoch, Time Warner, CBS Corporation, VIACOM`
69
How can we control the Future of TV
- Not Passive media consumers
- Analyze every frame, every word and every edit for meaning
- We are active and assertive
70
Advertising
- Keystone in consumer economy, in a democracy and in mass media
- Relies on mass media as a vehicle for delivering messages to consumers and the marketplace
71
Advertising History 1468
William Caxton promoted a book with the first printed advertisement
72
Advertising History 1704
John Campbell included advertisements in the Boston News-Letter
73
Advertising History 1833
Benjamin Day created the New York Sun as a combination news and advertising vehicle
74
Advertising History 1869
Wayland Ayer opened the first advertising agency in Philadelphia - N.W. Ayer and Son
75
Advertising History 1910
Edward Bok of Ladies Home Journal established a magazine advertising code
76
Advertising History 1914
Congress created the FTC to combat unfair advertising
77
Advertising History 1929
NBC established a code of acceptable advertising
78
Advertising History 1942
Media industries created a predecessor to a ad-media-business association called the Ad Council
79
Advertising History 1960's
Network Television surpasses magazines as a national ad medium
80
Advertising History 1980's
Ad industry consolidates in mergers and acquisitions
81
Advertising History 2003
Store brands emerged as major challenge to brand names
82
Advertising History 2004
Thirty Second spot on television Super Bowl reached $2.5 million in cost
83
July 1, 1941
First TV ad was broadcaster
- Bulova
- NBC affiliate WNBT
- Baseball game
- $9
84
How to put an ad together
- Branding
- Logos
- Packaging
- Positioning
- Repetition
- Gimmicks
- Memorability
85
Define Branding
An association created in the mind of the viewer between a company and an idea
86
What types of Positioning are there
Hard Sell and Soft Sell
87
Gimmicks and Subliminal Ads
- Consumers are encouraged to buy what appeals to their senses, emotions, or unconscious assumptions
- Subliminal Advertising secretly, sneakily and under the radar, slips in suggestive images, words, ideas into advertisements.
88
Memorable Ads
Info vs Emotion
Persuasive vs Emotion
Info vs Emotion
- Informative > Emotive
- Emotion > Persuasive
- Emotion > Information
89
What percentage of people are interested in ad blocking tech
69%
90
Three forces for advertising
Famous person testimonial, association and building of myths
91
Association
- Media message creator associated a product with a seemingly positive cultural value of image
