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Kin 164 Sociocultural Perspectives > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

sociology

A

study of social worlds

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2
Q

key concepts of sociology

A

culture
social interaction
social structure

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3
Q

how is sport part of society?

A

we give meaning to it
political, economical parts that also exists in society
social issues associated and transported via sport

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4
Q

ideologies

A

people in particular culture give meaning to hwat occurs in their social world
framework that people make sense of evaluate themselves, others and events in their culture

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5
Q

dominant ideology

A

serves the interest of people in power

represents their perspectives

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6
Q

gender ideology

A

determine what is natural and moral related to a gender

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7
Q

racial ideology

A

vary around the world

powerful if used to clarify humans into categories

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8
Q

dominant racial ideology

A

ideas about meaning of skin color

characgteristicas of people clarified in racial groups

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9
Q

social class ideology

A

idea of “American Dream” - unrestricted economic opportunities

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10
Q

ableist ideology

A

attitudes, actions & believes that physically or interlectually disable people are incable of participatipon and are inferior to “normal people”

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11
Q

what is a characteristic of ideologies

A

people are unaware of their own ideology, but spot ideologies of others

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12
Q

what affects how people think about the sex, ideals of beuaty, fashion, hygiene, nutrition, fitness…

A

how sociologists define the body in social and cultural terms

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13
Q

4 thinks that people who study sport in society want to understand

A

cultural & social contexts in which sport exists
connection between those contexts and sport
social world the people create participating in sport
experiences of individuals and groups whithin those social groups

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14
Q

tools to study sports in society

A

social research

social theories

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15
Q

personal theories

A

summarizes of our ideas & explanations of social life

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16
Q

main ideas of theories

A

based on questions why the world is the way it is
in volve combination of description, reflection, analysis
help us make choice

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17
Q

Messner´s 3 theories to guide his research

A 
cultural research (way people express their values)
interactionist theories (origins, dynamics & consequences of social interactions)
structural theories (forms of social organizations)
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18
Q

socialization

A

active process of learning and socially developing

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19
Q

what do structural theories focus on

A

influence significant others have on the socialization process

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20
Q

what is sport participation related to

A

person´s ability, characteristics & recources
influence of significant others
availability of opportunities

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21
Q

interactionist model

A

children who define sport as important come from families where sport was integrated & parents did not critique their children

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22
Q

accoring to Coakley & White what does sport participation depent on?

A 
connection with other interests
memories of past experiences
sport related images & meanings in social world
social support & access to recources
desire to develop competence
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23
Q

according to donelly & Young what does becomeing an athlete involve

A

knowledge of sport
interaction with people in sport
learning what is expected of athletes
being recognized by other athletes

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24
Q

why do people end sport participation

A

taking other roles in sport (coaches)

often connected to other change´s in life

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25
hwo does sport build characters
offers diverse experiences (pos. & neg.) selection favors some characters meanings and lessons learned vary
26
what does sport participation need to provide for pos. effects
opportunities to explore non-sport identities knowledge building beyong locker room and field new relationships lessons learned in sport deliver non sport values
27
prolympic sports
focus on power & performance
28
people´s sport
focus on plessure and participation
29
hegemony
process of maintaining & control by gaining the consent (Zustimmung) of other groups, including those who are being controlled
30
what is Hegemony produced by
mysification & obscuring (verdunkeln) ahistoricity appeals to common sense naturalization provision of pleasure normalization discource (jokes against minorities become normal)
31
what was the focus of first youth sport programs
turning boys into men | "masculinizing"
32
what did youth sport programs focus after WW II on
success in future careers
33
neoliberal societies
society in which individualism & material success are values publicity funded programs and services disappear - replaced by private programs and services
34
how did family changes influence organized youth sport
parents have better control of children growing belief that world is a dangerous place for children culture of childhood play has almost dissapear
35
major trends in youth sports today
organized programs became privatized - expensive emphasize the perfomance ethic - not on fun increase in private elite training facilities increased parental involvment increased participation in "alternative", action sport
36
types of sponsors of youth sport
public public interest private interest private interest commercial club
37
public youth sport organizations
tax-supported community recreation programs
38
public interest youth sport organizations
nonprofit community organization
39
private interest youth sport organization
nonprofit sport organization
40
private interest commercial clubs
people make money out of youth sport
41
privatization of youth sport programs
public programs are cut | in middle and upper income areas
42
performance ethic
ideas that quality of sport experience can be measured in improved skills fun = becoming better common in privatized programs
43
elite sport training programs
expensive children "work" - progrmas don´t follow labor laws emphasize gaining awards through sports ethical issues about adult-child relationship
44
why is the interest in alternative sports increasing
children have desire to be expressive & spontanous | free of adult control
45
problems with alternative sports
high injury risk | exclusions related to gender and social class
46
adult controlled sports
learning formal rules systematic guidance by coaches and parents winning is important
47
player controlled sports
action and personal involvement decision making skills cooperation & improvisation are required friendships are important
48
when are kids ready for organized sports
before 12 not enough understanding | learning dynamics of cooperation is prerequisite
49
what do teamsports require
understanding of third-party perspective
50
recommendations to change informal alternative sports
``` create safer play spaces - accessible for every gender and social class provide indirect guidance without control ```
51
recommendations for changin organized sports
increase personal involvement encourage forms of personal expression facilitate friendship formation
52
recommendation for changing high performance program
make policies and rules to establish rights and interest of children create less controlling environment
53
obstacles to changes in youth sport systems
many adults give priority in controlling & performance ethic uneducated coaches
54
when are coaching education programs useful
when coaches learn to deal with children safely and responsible when they learn to organize practices and teach skills
55
when are coaching education prgrams a problem
coaches learn to be "sports efficiency experts"
56
when does deviance occur
when a person´s actions and believes fall according to others out of the normal range of acceptance in a society
57
formal deviance
violation of official rules | punished by people in authority with official sanctions
58
informal deviance
violation of unwritten shared understandings | punished by observers with unofficial sanctions
59
what does understnading of deviance require
understanding of norms
60
formal norms
official expectation | written rules or laws
61
informal rules
unwritten shared understandings of expected behavior in social world
62
problems with studying deviance in sport
types and causes of deviance are diverse actions deviant in sport may be accepted in social life and the opposite deviance in sports often ivolves uncritical acceptance of norms, rather than rejection of norms sports is now based on new tech. - no new norms to guide new forms of sport
63
two apporaches to study deviance
absolute approach | constructionist apporach
64
absolute approach
social norms are based on principle that form a foundation that identifies good & evil (right and wrong)
65
constructionist approach
deviance occurs when action and believes fall outside socially determiend boundaries (acceptable, unacceptable)
66
why do athletes engage in deviant overconformity (übereinstimmung)
sport is exciting -> athlets will do anything to stay involved selection for high-performance sport often requires overconformity to norms of sport ethic
67
which athletes mostly overconform to the sport ethic
who has a low self-esteem who sees achievement in sport the only way for success who connect maskuline identity and athletes -> same

Kin 164 Sociocultural Perspectives (3 decks)

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