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Physics 106 > Midterm #1 > Flashcards

Midterm #1 Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

inductors and capacitors always cause _________

A

phase shifts

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2
Q

whenever a charge is created, an ____ charge of the ______ sign is created at that same time

A

equal, opposite

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3
Q

grounding

A

conducting object is grounded if its connected to the earth or other electron well via conductor, allowing the transfer of charge from earth’s large reservoir

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4
Q

objects can be charged by _____ with each other to obtain the ____ charge

A

contact, same

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5
Q

How can you permanently charge an object?

A

ground an object then cut the wire, the electrons have to stay in the object. Becomes charged.

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6
Q

charging by induction example

A

two metal balls touching. Positively charged object brought near them, electrons flow from one ball to the other to balance the positive charge. Balls are separated before the positive charge is removed, electrons stay in the ball that was closest to the positive charge.

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7
Q

coulombs law equation

A

write

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8
Q

electric field equation

A

E=F/q

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9
Q

magnitude of electric field E created by point charge Q

A

E=KQ/r^2

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10
Q

field lines begin on ____ and end on ____

A

positive, negative

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11
Q

more field lines indicate

A

stronger charge

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12
Q

how do field lines add?

A

like vectors

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13
Q

draw the field lines for opposite charges next to each other

A

draw

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14
Q

draw the field lines for like charges next to each other

A

draw

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15
Q

Charge will collect at _____ in a conductor

A

all points

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16
Q

conductors allow ___ to move within it. Electrical forces will cause ______ to move inside it until equilibrium is reached. ______ move until the field is perpendicular to the surface

A

free charge

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17
Q

insulators have _____ inside of them, conductors don’t

A

field lines

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18
Q

draw electric field between two uniform plates

A

draw

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19
Q

draw electric field between two uniform plates

A

draw

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20
Q

Electrical potential

A

potential energy per unit charge

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21
Q

units for volts

A

J/C

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22
Q

mechanical energy

A

kinetic energy + potential energy

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23
Q

a charge accelerated by an electric field causes ______ energy to convert to _______

A

electric potential, kinetic

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24
Q

current flows ____ to _____

Electrons flow ____ to ____

A

positive to negative

negative to positive

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25
Electric potential at any point in space near an arrangement of multiple charges is equal to ____
the sum of the potentials created by each individual charge
26
equipotential lines? How are they drawn?
lines that show where the electric potential is constant. Are always perpendicular to electric field lines.
27
How much work is needed to move a charge from one spot on an equipotential line to another on the same line?
None! Lines are all at the same level
28
Amount of charge a capacitor can store depends on
the voltage and the physical characteristics of the capacitor
29
How do dielectrics work?
By polarizing. They cancel out some of the charge stored on the plates allowing more to be put there before it equals out the dielectric. dielectrics must be excellent isulators
30
capacitors in series
total capacitance is less than any one of the individual capacitors
31
current units
I=C/s
32
the voltage drop across a resistor in a simple circuit is _____ to the voltage of the battery
equal
33
How do resistance and resistivity change with temperature?
higher temperature is generally more resistant because the electrons are vibrating making less room for charge to pass through
34
What shapes make the best resistors?
thinner and longer
35
two parts of every voltage source
a source of electrical energy and an internal resistance
36
EMF
potential difference of a source when no current is flowing true potential difference on chemical level, but not accessible due to internal resistance.
37
formula for terminal voltage
V=emf-internal resistance
38
when multiple voltage sources are in series, their internal resistances and EMF's _______
add algebraically
39
terminal voltage= emf when
no current is flowing
40
Two voltage sources with identical emf in parallel have ______ total resistance than the individual sources and thus deliver more current to the source
smaller
41
Kirchoffs rules
sum of all currents entering a node equals the sum of all currents leaving it sum of changes in potential energy along any loop= zero
42
batteries in parallel increase
capacity
43
batteries in series increase
voltage
44
RC circuit
resistor and capacitor (Tao=RC)
45
Time constant Tao
how long it takes to charge a capacitor in an RC circuit
46
magnetic poles always come in ____
pairs
47
North pole of magnet is attracted to the _____ pole of geographical earth
north
48
all magnetism is created by ________
electric current
49
ferromagnets
those that exhibit strong magnetic effects, atoms in ferromagnets act as small magnets and align in domains with each other. Domains can grow creating permanent magnets
50
In a magnet, all electrons have ______
the same spin
51
how to make a permanent magnet
heat up a material, expose it to a magnet while its hot, then let it cool next to the magnet
52
field lines run _______ and go ____ the magnet
north to south, through
53
electromagnet
motion of charges from current produces magnetism
54
magnetic field lines
field is tangent to the magnetic field line strength shown with more lines cant cross are continuous loops
55
units for magnetic force
Tesla= N/Axm
56
right hand rule
thumb= v pointer=b middle=f
57
magnetic force only acts on ____ electric charges
moving. They can effect stationary magnets because each magnet has moving charges inside of it! (Lorentz force)
58
If the magnetic field and velocity are parallel
no force
59
when can the magnetic force supply centripital force and cause a charged particle to move in a circular path?
when velocity and magnetic force are perpendicular
60
Hall effect
creation of voltage across current carrying conductor by magnetic field (net deflection of moving charges creates imbalance across the conductor= voltage difference from one side to the other inside the conductor)
61
magnetic field can exert ____ on a current carrying wire
torque
62
magnetic field solenoid
strong inside, almost none outside
63
magnetic flux
Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic field which passes through a given area
64
any change in flux ______
induces an emf and is defined as electromagnetic induction
65
increased angle= ____ flux
less
66
magnetic induction
movement of a magnet or coil through the other produces an emf. The greater the speed, the greater the emf.
67
how do generators work?
rotating a coil inside a magnetic field
68
Lentz law
current will oppose the change in magnetic flux
69
motors convert _____ energy to ______ energy.
electrical to mechanical
70
generators convert _____ to ______
mechanical energy to electrical energy
71
any rotating coil will ____
have an induced emf
72
back emf
in motors when the coil rotates, it creates an emf that opposes the emf input to the motor
73
transformers
use induction to transform voltages from one value to another. Have primary/secondary currents and voltages
74
step up transformer
higher voltage, less current
75
stem down transformer
lower voltage, higher current
76
For which type of current to transformers work?
AC. NEVER DC.
77
inductance
property of device that tells how effectively it induces an emf in another device.
78
mutual inductance
effect of two devices inducing emf's in each other. CHange in current in one induces an emf in the other
79
self inductance
effect of device inducing an emf on itself
80
inductance is determined by
purely the geometry of the conductor
81
the larger L is, the more ______ the inductor ______ changes to the current
strongly, opposes
82
inductors make it impossible to turn current _____ instantaneously
off
83
RL circuit
battery/reisistor/inductor in series
84
resistors in series
same current
85
resistors in parallel
same voltage
86
glass rod with silk charges
glass positive | silk negative
87
electrostatic force is stronger than
gravity
88
why do charges accumulate at points?
although they repel each other, the charge is technically evenly distributed throughout the material
89
electric potential is _____, electric field is _____
scalar, vector
90
dielectric strength
max electric field strength above which an insulating material begins to break down and conduct
91
superconductors
have zero resistance
92
Energy equation
Energy=Power x Time
93
how to find v and I for AC
peak voltage/current divided by square root of two
94
why AC?
allows for use of transformers, which can be used to change voltages (higher efficiency)
95
what is a short in a wire?
undesired low resistance path in a circuit
96
why do lights dim when a large appliance is turned on?
the large current the appliance motor draws causes significant IR drop in the wires and reduces the voltage across the light
97
terminal voltage
V= emf-IR where I is current and r is resistance (including the load resistance)
98
parallel voltage sources produce more
current
99
ferromagnets
those materials that exhibit strong magnetic effects
100
curie temperature
above this temperature, magnetism is lost
101
difference in generated magnetism between ferromagnets and electromagnets
ferromagnets- electrons posses angular momentum that produces the magnetism electromagnets- have a motion of charge b y current that produces the magnetism
102
magnetic field of a circular loop
looks just like the magnetic field of a bar magnet
103
magnetic field of a long straight wire
forms circles perpendicular to the wire
104
when does a charged particle move in a circular motion?
when its moving perpendicular to the uniform magnetic field
105
parallel currents ______ while opposite currents _____
attract, repel

Physics 106 (3 decks)

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