Midterm 1 Review Terms Flashcards
What is an ‘interrogative sentence’?
A speech act that is true or false.
A string of words ending with a question mark.
A speech act that seeks information.
A string of words in a language
A string of words ending with a question mark.
What is a ‘presupposition’ to a question?
An assumption the speaker makes in asking a loaded question.
Any statement that must be true for the question to possibly have a true corrective answer
Any statement that must be true for the question to possibly have a true direct answer.
An assumption the speaker makes in asking it.
Any statement that must be true for the question to possibly have a true direct answer.
What is a ‘sentence’?
A string of words in a language.
A speech act that requests information
A speech act that is true or false.
A string of words in a language ending in a period.
A string of words in a language.
What is an ‘argument’?
A set of one or more questions, called ‘premises’, taken as evidence for another question, called the ‘conclusion’
A set of one or more sentences, called ‘premises’, taken as evidence for another sentence, called the ‘conclusion’.
Set of one or more statements, called ‘premises,’ taken as evidence for another statement, called the ‘conclusion’.
A heated emotional exchange between people.
Set of one or more statements, called ‘premises,’ taken as evidence for another statement, called the ‘conclusion’.
What is a ‘simple statement’?
One that has no component statements in it.
One that has two or more component statements in it
One that has two component statements in it.
One that has only one component statement in it
One that has no component statements in it.
Define ‘sound argument’.
A strong argument with true premises
An argument with true premises and a true conclusion.
A valid argument with true premises.
A valid argument with two premises.
A valid argument with true premises.
Define ‘fallacy.’
A common but mistaken belief.
A statement that is neither valid nor strong.
A question that is neither valid nor strong.
An argument that is neither valid nor strong
An argument that is neither valid nor strong
What is a ‘compound statement’?
One that has two component statements in it.
One that has no component statements in it.
One that has one or more component statements in it
One that has one component statement in it.
One that has one or more component statements in it
What is ‘“lexical ambiguity”?
A sentence that is ambiguous because it contains one or more ambiguous words in it.
A sentence that is ambiguous due to bad grammatical construction.
A sentence that is ambiguous due to one or more ungrammatical words in it.
An amphiboly.
A sentence that is ambiguous because it contains one or more ambiguous words in it.
What is a ‘direct answer’?
A statement that denies one or mor eof the presuppositions.
A statement that the respondent doesn’t know the answer.
An explanation of why the question is inappropriate
Statements that provide the information requested, no more, no less.
Statements that provide the information requested, no more, no less.
What is ‘critical thinking’ as a reasoning process?
A new hybrid discipline that studies the process of how people can and do develop ever more accurate world views.
Scientific verification
Logic and scientific method.
The development of ever more accurate world view, and using it in decision-making.
The development of ever more accurate world view, and using it in decision-making.
What is a ‘loaded question’?
A trick question intended to embarrass the respondent.
An interrogative sentence with misleading structure
A question asked insincerely.
A question with a false or debatable presupposition.
A question with a false or debatable presupposition.
What is grammatical ambiguity?
Grammatical ambiguity is when a sentence is ambiguous due to poor word order.
Grammatical ambiguity is when a sentence is ambiguous due to an ambiguous word in it.
Grammatical ambiguity is when a sentence is ambiguous because of several ambiguous words in it.
Grammatical ambiguity is ambiguity due to an ungrammatical word.
Grammatical ambiguity is when a sentence is ambiguous due to poor word order.
What is a ‘statement’?
A speech act that requests information
A string of words in a language ending in a period.
A string of words in a language.
A speech act that is true or false.
A speech act that is true or false.
Define ‘deductive validity’.
An argument is valid if and only if it is impossible for all the premises to be true while the conclusion is false
An argument is valid if and only if it is unlikely but not impossible for the premises to true while the conclusion is false.
An argument is valid if and only if it is unlikely but not impossible for the premises to be false while the conclusion is true.
An argument is valid if and only if it is impossible for the premises to be false while the conclusion is true.
An argument is valid if and only if it is impossible for all the premises to be true while the conclusion is false
What is a ‘question’?
An interrogative sentence.
A string of words ending with a question mark
A speech act that is true or false.
A speech act that seeks information.
A speech act that seeks information.
What is an “amphiboly”?
A grammatically ambiguous sentence.
An argument given with key thoughts unstated.
A word that lacks precise boundaries to its meaning.
A word, phrase, or sentence that has more than one meaning.
A grammatically ambiguous sentence.
Define ‘erotetic concept.’
A concept related to deductive logic.
A concept related to the logic of questions.
A concept about what is super-sexy.
A concept related to inductive logic
A concept related to the logic of questions.
Define ‘indirectly relevant’.
A factually true responsive answer to a question, or factually true evidence for a responsive answer to the question
A responsive answer to a question, or evidence for a responsive answer.
A responsive answer to a question.
Evidence for a responsive answer to a question.
Evidence for a responsive answer to a question.
What is a ‘corrective answer’?
A statement that the respondent doesn’t know the answer.
A statement that denies one or more presuppositions.
An explanation of why the question is inappropriate
A statement that provides the information requested, no more and no less.
A statement that denies one or more presuppositions.
Define ‘worldview.’
A historical record of world events organized by cultural significance.
A set of beliefs about the world or some part or aspect of it.
A scientific theory that explains how different species view their surroundings.
A political framework used by governments to interact with other nations.
A set of beliefs about the world or some part or aspect of it.
What is ‘critical thinking’ as an academic discipline?
A field that focuses solely on the analysis of literature and philosophical texts.
A branch of psychology that studies emotional intelligence and interpersonal communication skills.
A discipline that emphasizes memorization techniques and the retention of factual information for exams.
A new hybrid discipline that studies human judgment with an eye to improving it.
A new hybrid discipline that studies human judgment with an eye to improving it.
Define ‘inductive strength.’
An argument is strong if and only if it is not impossible, but it is very unlikely, for all the premises to be true while the conclusion is false.
An argument is strong if and only if it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be true at the same time.
An argument is strong if and only if it follows a strict deductive structure with no possibility of error.
An argument is strong if and only if the premises are true in all possible worlds, regardless of the truth of the conclusion.
An argument is strong if and only if it is not impossible, but it is very unlikely, for all the premises to be true while the conclusion is false.
Define ‘ambiguous.’
A word/phrase/statement is ambiguous if and only if it has no clear meaning at all.
A word/phrase/statement is ambiguous if and only if it is overly complex and difficult to understand.
A word/phrase/statement is ambiguous if and only if it has more than one meaning.
A word/phrase/statement is ambiguous if and only if it can be interpreted in only one specific way, but people disagree on that interpretation.
A word/phrase/statement is ambiguous if and only if it has more than one meaning.
