Midterm 1 Terms Flashcards
(81 cards)
adoption theory
- arificial selection
- capturing and taming young wild animals and bringing them home as a pet
adaption theory
- natural selection
- wolves chose domestication
- nat selection in favor of tamer animals
domestication
- a process where animals change genetically and phenotypically
- evolutionary process driven by selection pressures
tameness
- gradual habituation to humans
- reduced fear for humans
- wild animals can be tamed but not domesticated
15 K
- hunter-gatherers
- dogs
10 K
- birth of AG in neolithic era (origins of farming)
- cats, sheep, goats, cattle, swine, plants
5 K
-horses, llamas, chickens, geese
Behavioral changes due to domestication
- loss of self sufficiency
- loss of pair bonding
- loss of broodiness (attachment to eggs)
- less adaptable to changes in environment
- reduced flightiness and aggression
- increased juvenile characteristics
Neoteny
the retention of juvenile characteristics in adults
number of laboratory animals
800,000
number of farm animals
8,000,000,000
number of companion animals
150,000,000
number of exotic animals
750,000 (AZA certified)
real number unknown
USDA
- United States Department of Agriculture
- develops and executes federal policy on farming, ag, forestry, food
FAO
- Food and Ag Organization of the United Nations
- ensures food security and nutrition
FDA
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- protects public health and food safety
define science
the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment
CAFO’s
- Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
- place to put animals to feed them a lot before they are harvested
CA Proposition 2 (2008)
- passed on 7/1/15
- made it illegal to keep chickens confined to only half sheet of paper
- layers, pregnant sows, veal calves
natural vs. artificial selection
natural: animals adapt to their environment to survive
artificial: humans select for traits in animals
6 behavior traits that facilitate domestication
- responce to humans
- social behavior
- adaptability and activity
- juvenile characteristics
- sexual behavior
- precocial development
precocial
young are born mature and independent
attritional
young are born helpless
hierarchy of biological order (smallest to biggest)
- all men can tell other owners of perfect camping equipment bye
- atoms
- molecules
- cell
- tissue
- organs
- organ systems
- organism
- population
- community
- ecosystems
- biosphere