Midterm

Question 1

What is normal pH level?

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

What is the normal CO2 level?

Answer 2

35 - 45

Question 3

What is the normal HCO3 level?

Answer 3

22 - 26 mEq/ L

Question 4

If pH level is less than 7.35 what is it considered ?

Answer 4

acidosis

Question 5

if pH level is higher than 7.45 what is it considered?

Answer 5

alkalosis

Question 6

If co2 level is lower than 35 or higher than 45 it is considered what?

Answer 6

respiratory

Question 7

if HCO3 is lower than 22 or higher than 26 it is considered ?

Answer 7

Metabolic

Question 8

Practice

pH: 7.26
HCO3: 17
PaCO2: 42

Answer 8

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 9

Practice

pH:7.49
HCO3: 23
PaCO2: 30

Answer 9

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 10

What happens during respiratory alkalosis

Answer 10

The lungs are loosing too much co2 ; hyperventilation

Question 11

what happens during respiratory acidosis?

Answer 11

the lungs are keeping in too much co2 ,

Question 12

What are the interventions for respiratory acidosis

Answer 12

fowlers position , adminisiter o2, turn cough deep breath (pneumonia)

Question 13

interventions for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 13

breath into bag , give anxiety medication , encourage breathing pattern

Question 14

what are the interventions for metabolic acidosis

Answer 14

monitor I & O ,

Question 15

what are the interventions for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 15

give antiemetics for vomitting

Question 16

What are the clinical manifestations of pneumonia?

Answer 16

high fever , fatigue, sob, cough chest pain,

Question 17

what are the risk factors for pneumonia ?

Answer 17

age , immobility , anestesia , smoking , oral hygiene

Question 18

how do you prevent pneumonia?

Answer 18

Immunizations

Question 19

What are some nursing interventions for pneumonia ?

Answer 19

Maintain patent airway , increase fluid intake , administer medication , encourage breathing exercise early mobilization

Question 20

What are some medical managements for pneumonia?

Answer 20

humidified oxygen therapy , antibiotics , antivirals , bronchodilators , positioning to avoid aspiration

Question 21

How to prevent atelectasis?

Answer 21

early ambulation , ICOUGH (incentive spriometer, cough and deep breathing . oral care , get educated head of bed elevated)

Question 22

This type is normally common in people ages 30 years and younger it is considered an autoimmune disease and beta cells are destructed

Answer 22

Diabetes Type 1

Question 23

normally occurs later on in life common in ages 30 years and above due to lifestyle insulin resistance

Answer 23

Diabetes type 2

Question 24

what are the normal blood glucose levels ?

Answer 24

70 - 110 mg/dl

Question 25

What are the 3 p's of diabetes ?

Answer 25

polydipsia , polyuria, polyphagia

Question 26

what is hyperglycemia level ?

Answer 26

> 200 mg/dl

Question 27

what is the level for hypoglycemia?

Answer 27

< 70 mg/dL

Question 28

hypoglycemia is more common in which type?

Answer 28

Type 1 due to exercise

Question 29

Tremors, increased HR, restlessness, hunger, diaphoresis, confusion, seizures is related to which type ?

Answer 29

Type 1

Question 30

How do you treat hypoglycemia ?

Answer 30

15 grams of carbs check blood glucose in 15 mins if still below 70 give 15 more grams of carbs

Question 31

What is metformin used for?

Answer 31

it is a oral antidiabetic medication

Question 32

what is methotrexate used for ?vfrfrfrgtgttgv

Answer 32

it is used for patients with rheumatoid arthritis , it is a immunosuppressant

Question 33

how to prevent hypoglycemia

Answer 33

eat before exercise do not skip meals

Question 34

how do you treat hyperglycemia?

Answer 34

monitor i & o administer insulin as needed (sliding scale)

Question 35

What are the 4 types of insulin?

Answer 35

Rapid acting Short acting Intermediate acting Long acting

Question 36

what are the precautions for short acting insulin?

Answer 36

give immediately before meals

Question 37

what are the precautions for short acting?

Answer 37

give 30 mins before meals

Question 38

what is a normal blood sugar level?

Answer 38

less than 140

Question 39

what are some complication prevention for diabetes?

Answer 39

diet and exercise monitor bgl no smoking

Question 40

what is polydipsia?

Answer 40

excessive thirst

Question 41

what is polyphagia?

Answer 41

excessive hunger

Question 42

what is pyuria

Answer 42

puss in urine

Question 43

what is polyuria?

Answer 43

excess urination

Question 44

what are the clinical manifestations of cellulitis ?

Answer 44

redness warmth erythema and pain with systemic signs of fever