Midterm

Question 1

Taxon

Question 2

Node

Answer 2

Indicate a common ancestor

Question 3

Sister taxa

Question 4

Paraphyletic

Answer 4

All members of the group have a common ancestor- but not a unique one

Question 5

Monophyletic

Answer 5

All members of the group have a unique common ancestor

Question 6

Species

Question 7

Order

Question 8

Class

Question 9

Phylum

Question 10

Kingdom

Question 11

Aristotle

Answer 11

Believed organisms were divinely created and did not evolve. Used a ladder system from least to most complex

Question 12

Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 12

“Father of microbiology”- compound microscope

Question 13

Linnaeus

Answer 13

“Father of modern taxonomy”- nested phylogenies and binomial nomenclature

Question 14

Darwin

Answer 14

Evolution

Question 15

Whittaker

Answer 15

Proposed five kingdom classification

Question 16

Margolis

Answer 16

Endosymbiosis

Question 17

Woese

Answer 17

Used ribosomal DNA and molecular data to split prokaryotes (K Monera) into 2 groups (Archaea & Bacteria), creating a 3 domain system

Question 18

Archaea

Question 19

Bacteria

Question 20

Eukarya

Question 21

Endosymbyosis

Question 22

Chemoautotroph

Answer 22

Carries out chemosynthesis

Question 23

Photoautotroph

Answer 23

Carries out photosynthesis

Question 24

Chemoheterotroph

Answer 24

Animals like us

Question 25

Photoheterotroph

Answer 25

RARE- energy source is light, gets carbon from organic compounds

Question 26

Isogamy

Answer 26

Both gametes have similar morphology/ size "+" individual can only mate with a gamete of another sign "-", "*", etc to increase genetic diversity

Question 27

Anisogamy

Answer 27

Gametes have different morphology/ sizes eg. sperm & egg

Question 28

Parthenogenesis

Answer 28

An asexual form of reproduction in which an embryo develops without a gamete combining with another gamete.

Question 29

Name the five Eukaryote supergroups

Answer 29

Excavata Chromalveolata Rhizaria Archeplastida- plantae Unikonta- fungi, animalia

Question 30

Name the major groups of Archiplastida

Answer 30

Red Algae Chlorophytes Charophytes Embryophytes

Question 31

Red Algae live primarily in _____ ______ waters, and have a modified alternation generations with ______ sporophytes

Answer 31

clear tropical two

Question 32

When did plants invade land?

Answer 32

at least 475 million YA

Question 33

What traits are shared between charophytes and embryophytes?

Question 34

List the 5 traits shared by all embryophytes

Answer 34

Alternation of generations Sporangia Gametangia "dependent" embryos (zygote-> embryo) Apical meristems

Question 35

Apical Meristem

Answer 35

Mitotic cell division at root and shoot tips

Question 36

List the ten phyla of embryophytes-- vascular or not? seeds?

Answer 36

Liverworts- NV, NS Mosses- NV, NS Hornworts- NV, NS Club & spike mosses- V, NS Ferns & Horsetails (pterophytes)- V, NS Cycads- V, S Conifers- V, S Gingko- V, S Gnetophyta- V, S Angiosperms- V, S

Question 37

Name the two types of vascular tissue and their functions

Answer 37

Xylem- transport water & inorganic nutrients Phloem- transport carbs

Question 38

Protonemata

Answer 38

Haploid filaments of cells that will eventually grow into the adult gametophyte (mosses)

Question 39

Rhizoid

Answer 39

Root-like structure in non-vascular plants located under the thallus

Question 40

List the three non-vascular plant phyla

Answer 40

Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses

Question 41

Sorus (sori)

Answer 41

Spore- producing structures on underside of fern leaves

Question 42

List the four phyla of gymnosperms

Answer 42

Coniferophyta Cycadophyta Ginkgophyta Gnetophyta

Question 43

List the major groups (clades) of Angiosperms

Answer 43

Water lilies Anise and relatives Magnoliids Monocots Dicots

Question 44

Date of origin of earth

Answer 44

4.5 BYA

Question 45

Date of origin of prokaryotes

Answer 45

3.5 BYA

Question 46

Date of origin of unicellular eukaryotes

Answer 46

2.1 BYA

Question 47

Date of origin of multi-cellular eukaryotes

Answer 47

1.5 BYA

Question 48

3 fundamentals of living things

Answer 48

Metabolism Biosynthesis Reproduction