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MIDTERM Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

what lipoprotein is high in coronary disease

A

LDL

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2
Q

risk factors for coronary disease

A
  • having hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity and sedentary lifestyle
  • African American, male, XS alcohol, stress, smoking and family history
  • high C protein levels
    high homocysteine levels
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3
Q

what is arteriosclerosis

A

stiffening or hardening of artery walls

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4
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

narrowing of artery because of plaque build up

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5
Q

function of coronary arteries

A

supply blood to myocardium and deliver blood nutrients

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6
Q

treatment for atherosclerosis are

A
  • angioplasty
  • coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
  • carotid endarterectomy
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7
Q

what is anigoplasty

A

small mesh tube placed in artery to keep open

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8
Q

what is coronary artery bypass grafting

A

healthy blood vessel used to bypass blocked artery

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9
Q

what is carotid endarterectomy

A

surgery to remove plaque buildup from carotid arteries in neck

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10
Q

myocardial infarction is the

A

destruction or death of myocardial cells due to insufficiency of oxygen

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11
Q

what medical treatments (drugs) are given for coronary disease

A
  • cholesterol lowering drugs
  • aspirin (blood thinner to reduce blood clots)
  • beta blockers (lower heart rate and bp)
    -nitroglycerin (control chest pain)
    -ACE inhibitors (lower bp)
  • digitalis (increase strength of heart)
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12
Q

what is angia

A

chest pain due to ischemia or reduced blood supply to heart

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13
Q

what is considered hypertension

A

systolic above 120-129
diastolic less than 80

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14
Q

what are the risk factors for hypertension

A
  • ethnicity (African american)
  • increased age >35
  • family history
  • obesity
  • smoking
  • XS alcohol
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15
Q

what are the different types of hypertension

A

prehypertension, stage 1 and stage 2

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16
Q

what is considered prehypertension

A

SBP >120 and <139
DBP >80 and <89

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17
Q

what is considered stage 1 hypertension

A

SBP 140-159
DBP 90-99

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18
Q

what is considered stage 2 hypertension

A

SBP >160
DBP >100

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19
Q

what are the complications of prolonged hypertension

A

vessel trauma and arteriosclerosis
- damage to heart, kidneys, NS, and eyes
- damage to blood vessels

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20
Q

what is the effect of salt in the diet

A

it can raise blood pressure

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21
Q

what is the function of the liver

A
  • blood processing factory
  • nutrient storage
  • remove toxins
  • remove damaged RBC
  • regulate nutrient in blood
  • secrete bile
  • metabolism of everything
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22
Q

what are the different enzymes in the liver

Study These Flashcards
A
  • alanine aminotransferase
23
Q

what is cirrhosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • late stage of scarring of the liver
24
Q

the complications of cirrhosis are

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ascites
  • encephalopathy
  • spontaneous bacterial pertionitis
  • hepatorenal syndrome
  • splenomegaly (low platelets)
  • portal hypertension
25
stages of cirrhosis are
1. liver cell necrosis 2. inflammatory cell infilate 3. fibrosis 4. nodular regeneration
26
what is metabolic syndrome
- cluster of disorders of your body's metabolism
27
what are the different factors in metabolic syndrome
- high bp - high insulin - XS body weight - abnormal cholesterol levels
28
signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome are
central obesity, high bp, high triglycerides, low HDL, insulin resistance
29
how is diagnosis made for metabolic syndrome
need three of the following traits: - abdominal obesity - >150 mlg of triglycerides - bp of 130/85 or higher - HDL lower than 50 in women and 40 in men
30
treatment for metabolic syndrome is
diet and exercise
31
what life style choices are recommended to reduce risk of metabolic syndrome
- lose weight, exercise, stop smoking, and fiber rich foods
32
what is type 1 diabetes
cell that produce insulin are destroyed resulting in insulin dependence
33
what is type 2 diabetes
blood glucose high due to lack of insulin production and insulin resistance
34
what is gestational diabetes
diabetes that occurs in pregnant women
35
what is H1C
measurement of average blood sugar in the past 3 months
36
what factors contribute to development of obesity
energy intake, biological factors, energy expenditure, psychosocial, genetics, socio economic factors
37
the causes of diabetes are
sedentary lifestyle, genes, overweight, too much food intake
38
what is treatment for type 1 diabetes
treated with insluin
39
the effects of insulin are
- increase glucose utilization in skeletal muscle - suppress hepatic glucose production - inhibit lipolysis
40
what is the first line of treatment for type 2 diabetes
metformin
41
ascites is caused by
accumulation of free fluid in peritoneum
42
how to check for ascites
check serum ascites albumin gradient
43
purpose of troponin test
test for myocardial damage
44
purpose of creatine kinase test
specific for when skeletal muscle damage is not present
45
high c protein levels are associated with
increased atherosclerosis and high risk for coronary heart disease
46
high homocysteine levels associated with
damage to artery walls and increase risk of clots
47
alkaline phosphatase
produced in bile ducts, intestine, kidney
48
bilirubin
product that results from destruction of old red blood cells
49
albumin
is synthesized by liver
50
prothrombin time is
necessary for blood clotting
51
management of ascites
salt restrict, fluid restrict, diuretics
52
what medications are given for metabolic syndrome
weight loss: meridia and xenical insulin sensitizers: thiuazolidiendiones and metformin to decrease insulin resistance
53
medications to control metabolic syndrome individual risk factors include:
- aspirin to reduce risk of heart attack - lower blood pressure medications - medications to lower cholesterol (niacin, statins, and fibrates)

medical syndromes (2 decks)

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