MIDTERM

Question 1

Where does the AH produced?

Answer 1

From plasma by the ciliary epithelium of the ciliary body pars plicata

Question 2

A sieve-like structure where 90% of AH leaves the eye

Answer 2

Trabecular meshwork

Question 3

the innermost portion, consisting of cord-like endothelial cell-covered strands arising from the iris and ciliary body stroma

Answer 3

Uveal meshwork

Question 4

lies external to the uveal meshwork to form the thickest portion of the trabeculum.

Answer 4

Corneoscleral meshwork

Question 5

the outer part of the trabeculum and links the corneoscleral meshwork with the endothelium of the inner wall of the canal of Schlemm

Answer 5

Cribriform meshwork

Question 6

a circumferential channel within the perilimbal sclera.

Answer 6

Schlemm canal

Question 7

aqueous flows through the trabeculum into the Schlemm canal and then the episcleral veins.

Answer 7

Trabecular outflow

Question 8

aqueous passes across the face of the ciliary body into the suprachoroidal space and is drained by the venous circulation in the ciliary body, choroid and sclera.

Answer 8

Uveoscleral drainage

Question 9

the balance between the rate of aqueous production and the rate of aqueous outflow.

Answer 9

IOP

Question 10

Normal range of IOP for adults

Answer 10

21 mm Hg

Question 11

upper range of IOP for 70 years old

Answer 11

23 mmHg

Question 12

AO is obstructed by a membrane covering the trabeculum

Answer 12

Pre trabecular

Question 13

obstruction as a result of “clogging up” of the meshwork

Answer 13

Trabecular OAG

Question 14

the trabeculum itself is normal but aqueous outflow is impaired as a result of elevated episcleral venous pressure.

Answer 14

Post trabecular OAG

Question 15

Contact applanation tonometer
Newest form

Answer 15

Goldmann tonometer

Question 16

Portable contact applanation tonometer

Answer 16

Perkins tonometer

Question 17

It is used to measure the IOP

Answer 17

Tonometer

Question 18

Oldest form
Contact indentation tonometer

Answer 18

Schiotz tonometer

Question 19

Non-contact indentation tonometer

Answer 19

Air-puff tonometer

Question 20

Portable non-contact applanation tonometer

Answer 20

Pulsair 2000

Question 21

Portable contact applanation tonometer

Answer 21

Tono-pen

Question 22

Used to visualize the angle structures of the eye

Answer 22

Goniolenses

Question 23

Single or triple mirror
Contact surface diameter 12 mm
Suitable for ALT
Not suitable for indentation gonioscopy

Answer 23

Goldmann

Question 24

Four mirror lens
Contact surface diameter 9mm
Not suitable for ALT
Suitable for indentation gonioscopy

Answer 24

Zeiss

Question 25

Anatomy of angle in order

Answer 25

Ciliar body Scleral spur Trabeculum Schwalbe line

Question 26

Ciliary body easily visible

Answer 26

Grade 4

Question 27

At least scleral spur is visible

Answer 27

Grade 3

Question 28

Only trabeculum visible Angle closure possible but unlikely

Answer 28

Grade 2

Question 29

Only schwalbe line and perhaps top of trabeculum visible

Answer 29

Grade 1

Question 30

Iridocorneal contact Closed

Answer 30

Grade 0

Question 31

Maximal area of colour contrast

Answer 31

Pallor

Question 32

Bending of small blood vessels crossing

Answer 32

Cupping

Question 33

Measurement of visual field function

Answer 33

Perimetry

Question 34

Secondary trabecular block open angle glaucoma Pseudo-exfoliative material Trabecular hyperpigmentation

Answer 34

Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma

Question 35

Bilateral trabecular meshwork open angle glaucoma Common in myopic young men Krukenberg spindle and very deep AC Trabecular hyperpigmentation Fine granules

Answer 35

Pigmentary glaucoma

Question 36

Common, secondary angle-closure glaucoma without pupil block Caused by rubeosis iridis

Answer 36

Neovascular glaucoma

Question 37

Clinical features of neovascular glaucoma

Answer 37

Ischemic CRVO CRAO (uncommon) Long standing diabetes Carotid obstructive disease (uncommon)

Question 38

Signs of advanced neovascular g

Answer 38

Severely reduced VA Severe rubeosis iridis Distortion of pupil Synechial angle closure

Question 39

posterior synechia extending 360 degrees

Answer 39

Seclusio pupillae

Question 40

Bowing of the peripheral iris

Answer 40

Iris bombè

Question 41

a secondary open-angle glaucoma occurring in association with a hypermature cataract Deep AC floating white particles

Answer 41

Phacolytic glaucoma

Question 42

Signs: Irregular widening of ciliary body band

Answer 42

Post traumatic angle recession glaucoma

Question 43

A syndrome which typically affects one eye of a middle aged woman

Answer 43

Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome

Question 44

3 clinical presentation of ICE:

Answer 44

Chandler’s syndrome Progressive iris atrophy Iris naevus

Question 45

abnormal corneal endothelial appearance said to resemble hammered silver. Iris atrophy- 40% Corneal changes predominate

Answer 45

Chandler syndrome

Question 46

characterized by iris changes including corectopia Iris atrophy in 100%

Answer 46

Progressive iris atrophy

Question 47

Pupil malposition

Answer 47

Corectopia

Question 48

characterized by either a diffuse naevus that covers the anterior iris, or by iris nodules Iris atrophy- 50%

Answer 48

Iris naevus

Question 49

a rare condition typically affecting both eyes of an older patient

Answer 49

Iridoschisis

Question 50

A rare genetically determined abnormality in the trabecular meshwork and AC angle resulting in increased IOP

Answer 50

PCG

Question 51

Triad of symptoms for elevated IOP

Answer 51

Photophobia, epiphora, blepharospasm

Question 52

1:10,000, 65% boys Most sporadic

Answer 52

PCG

Question 53

Clinical features of PCG

Answer 53

Corneal eodema Break in descemets membrane Optic disc cupping Buphthalmos

Question 54

Management for PCG

Answer 54

Goniotomy Trabeculotomy Tonometry

Question 55

Bilateral but asymmetrical Glaucoma is uncommon Posterior embryotoxon

Answer 55

Axenfeld anomaly

Question 56

characterized by the Rieger anomaly together with extraocular malformations that, as with the ocular features

Answer 56

Reiger syndrome

Question 57

Corneal opacity with iris adhesion and lenticular adhesions

Answer 57

Peters Anomaly

Question 58

Signs of aniridia

Answer 58

Partial absence Subtotal absence Synechial angle-closure-75% Lens subluxation

Question 59

Autosomal dominant Isolated 85%

Answer 59

AN-1

Question 60

Deletion of chromosome 11 13%

Answer 60

AN-2 (Miller syndrome)

Question 61

Autosomal recessive 2% Mental handicap

Answer 61

AN-3 (Gillespie syndrome)