PRELIM

Question 1

a transparent biconvex structure in the eye

Answer 1

Crystalline Lens

Question 2

Refracting power of the lens

Answer 2

About 18-20 D

Question 3

Functions of Lens

Answer 3

1.To maintain its own clarity
2.To provide refractive power by contributing to the optical system of the eye.
3.To provide accommodation, which allows the eye to clearly focus objects placed within 6 in. range
4.To absorb ultraviolet light

Question 4

Lens obtains its nutrition from

Answer 4

Aqueous and Vitreous

Question 5

What provides lens to continue grow and maintain its transparency

Answer 5

Glucose

Question 6

Why is lens transparent?

Answer 6

It has no nuclei

Question 7

Loss of lens transparency

Answer 7

Cataract

Question 8

What is accommodation?

Answer 8

Lens adjustment when looking from distance to near

Question 9

What happens during accommodation?

Answer 9

3C’s- Constriction of pupil, convergence of the eye, contraction of ciliary muscles, thickening of the lens

Question 10

a hereditary or acquired displacement of the lens from its normal position.

Answer 10

Ectopia lentis

Question 11

The lens may be completely dislocated.

Answer 11

Luxated

Question 12

Partially displaced lens.

Answer 12

Subluxated

Question 13

Tremulous lens

Answer 13

Phacodonesis

Question 14

Acquired Ectopia Lentis

Answer 14

Trauma
Stretched Zonules
Degenerate
Anterior uveal tumors

Question 15

Isolated Familial Ectopia Lentis

Answer 15

Ectopia Lentis et pupillae- lens and pupil in opposite position

Question 16

AD inheritance

Answer 16

Marfans Syndrome

Question 17

Bilateral ectopia lentis (80%); subluxation is most frequently superotemporal.

Answer 17

Marfans Syndrome

Question 18

long fingers and toes.

Answer 18

Arachnodactyly

Question 19

Ocular Features of Marfan Syndrome

Answer 19

Upward subluxation
Axial Myopia
Lattic Degeneration
Blue sclera
Cornea plana

Question 20

a rare systemic connective tissue disease
Inheritance is AR or AD

Answer 20

Weill Marchesani Syndrome

Question 21

Ectopia lentis (50%). Subluxation is in an inferior direction and occurs in late childhood or early adulthood. Microspherophakia is common, so that pupillary block with angle closure may ensue.

Answer 21

Weill Marchesani

Question 22

Short toes and fingers

Answer 22

Brachydactyly

Question 23

an AR disorder in which decreased enzymatic metabolism of the amino acid methionine results in systemic accumulation of methionine and homocysteine.

Answer 23

Homocystinuria

Question 24

Ocular features:
Downward subluxation

Answer 24

Homocystinuria

Question 25

Treatment for Ectopia Lentis

Answer 25

Correction spectacles YAG laser zonulysis

Question 26

Classification of Age-related Cataract According to Morphology

Answer 26

Subcapsular Nuclear Cortical Christmas Tree

Question 27

Anterior, Posterior

Answer 27

Subcapsular

Question 28

Yellowish then brown opacification Increasing Myopia Exaggeration of normal nuclear ageing change

Answer 28

Nuclear

Question 29

Initially vacuoles and cleft Radial spoke like opacities

Answer 29

Cortical

Question 30

Polychromatic, needle like opacities

Answer 30

Christmas Tree

Question 31

Stages of Cataract Progression

Answer 31

Early stage Immature Mature Hypermature

Question 32

Lens remains clear but distance and near vision is slowly lost

Answer 32

Early Stage

Question 33

Symptoms of early stage cataract

Answer 33

Mild blurring of vision Appearance of glare Sensitivity to light

Question 34

Lens opacity is slightly noticeable and it casts a shadow

Answer 34

Immature stage

Question 35

Symptoms of Immature Stage Cataract

Answer 35

Blurred Vision Double vision Dimmed vision

Question 36

It becomes completely white or deep amber in color

Answer 36

Mature stage

Question 37

Symptoms of mature stage cataract

Answer 37

severe blurred of vision, dimmed vision, diplopia

Question 38

Lens become shrunken with white spots

Answer 38

Hypermature stage

Question 39

Symptoms of hypermature

Answer 39

Loss of vision

Question 40

Other causes of cataract

Answer 40

Diabetes Myotonic Dystrophy Atopic Dermatitis Drug Trauma Secondary cataract

Question 41

Treatment for Cataract

Answer 41

Phacoemulsification Extra-capsular cataract extraction

Question 42

Total Refractive Power of Human Eye

Answer 42

60D (40D from cornea, 20D from lens)

Question 43

Congenital Cataract important facts

Answer 43

33%- idiopathic 33%- inherited 33%- associated with systemic dse

Question 44

8 Classifications of Congenital Cataract

Answer 44

Anterior polar Posterior polar Lamellar Cortical Central pulverulent Focal dots Sutura Coronary

Question 45

removal of the natural lens of the eye

Answer 45

Cataract Surgery

Question 46

involves the use of a machine with an ultrasonic handpiece equipped with a titanium or steel tip.

Answer 46

Phacoemulsification

Question 47

Most preferred method of cataract surgery

Answer 47

Phacoemulsification

Question 48

the most commonly performed procedure in developing countries

Answer 48

ECCE

Question 49

involves the removal of almost the entire natural lens while the elastic lens capsule (posterior capsule) is left intact to allow implantation of an intraocular lens

Answer 49

ECCE

Question 50

involves the removal of the lens and the surrounding lens capsule in one piece.

Answer 50

ICCE

Question 51

freezes the lens with a cryogenic substance such as liquid nitrogen

Answer 51

Cryoextraction

Question 52

FLACS

Answer 52

Femtosecond laser-assisted Cataract surgery

Question 53

For hard and dense cataract Has larger incision

Answer 53

ECCE

Question 54

Also known as “after cataract”

Answer 54

Posterior capsular opacification

Question 55

examination of the visible retina

Answer 55

Fundoscopy