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Indigenous Cultures > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Name a limited circumstance to tax exemptions.

A

Status Indians living and working on reserves

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2
Q

What is a worldview?

A

A set of fundamental beliefs, values, determining or constituting a comprehensive outlook on the world; a perspective on life

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3
Q

What is cultural relativity?

A

An understanding and respect for cultural practices of Indigenous groups in their own cultural contexts.

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4
Q

What is positionality?

A

An acknowledgement of your relative position of privilege

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5
Q

Name 4 socio-economic challenges facing Indigenous Peoples.

A
  1. Low-Income Status
  2. Low post-secondary education rates
  3. High unemployement rate
  4. High rate of homicide
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6
Q

Explain the Age of Discovery/ Age of Exploration.

A

In the mid 15th-16th centuries, Europeans explores, colonized, and conquered various regions across the globe.

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7
Q

Explain the Age of Imperialism.

A

Between the 15th and 18th centuries, major European countries established primarily colonial empires.

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8
Q

What is a Papal Bull?

A

Papal Bulls are authorizations from the pope to colonize. Accorded primarily to Portugal and Spain, these written authorizations allowed explorers to reduce those “opposed to Christ” to slavery and to use their resources for their own benefit.

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9
Q

What is the state of nature? How do Hobbes and Locke describe it?

A

The real condition of human beings before or without political association.
Hobbes: “war of every man against every man,” (violent competition based in self interest)
Locke: rights to life, liberty, and property are natural rights that precede the establishment ofcivil society (more peaceful)

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10
Q

What is Kungax?

A

A spiritual song, dance, or performance which ties them (Gitxsan) to their land.

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11
Q

What is Adaak?

A

Personal bloodline stories told orally.

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12
Q

What is the Ojibwe Medicine Wheel?

A

Highlights the circular notion of life. The four elements are brought together to bring balance. Shows how everything is connected.

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13
Q

What is the Midwinter ceremony? (5)

A

Marks the start of the New Year for the Haudenosaunee.
- the speaker of the longhouse gives thanksgiving address
- songs & dancing to give thanks to the natural world
- ashes turned over to replenish the Earth (symbolic)
- babies are given their traditional names
- traditional feast every day

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14
Q

What is the Sundance ceremony? (3)

A

A physical and spiritual test offered in sacrifice for their people in order to reunite the Earth with the Spirits.
- dancers dance around a pole for many days (previously fasted)
- friends & family pray in support of the dancers
- dancers will sometimes be pierced in the chest

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15
Q

Explain “all my relations”.

A

Web of kinship to extended family, animals, birds. Encourages people to respect, live peacefully with those around, and accept the responsibilities we have.

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16
Q

Postmodernism

A

A late 20th-century movement characterized by broadskepticism

17
Q

Post-colonial literature

A

Studied engagement with the experience of colonialism and its past and present effect

18
Q

Literary sovereignty

A

storytelling (oral practices)

19
Q

Who is skywoman

A

Woman who fell through a tree hole and fell on baby Earth. With the help of sea animals and birds, she obtained mud, which she then layed on the turtle. This was the creation of North America.

20
Q

Hegemony

A

Dominance of one group over another, often supported bylegitimatingnorms and ideas.

21
Q

Cognitive Imperialism

A

Cognitive manipulation used to discredit other knowledge bases and values and seeks to validate one source of knowledge and empower it through publiceducation.

22
Q

Decolonization

A

Unsettling colonial power and structures and ways of learning and teaching. Critically examines Western interpretations of history

23
Q

Indigenization

A

Reaffirming education to include Indigenous ways of knowing, thinking, feeling and being.

24
Q

How can we challenge contemporary colonialism? (Leanne Simpson) (4)

A
  1. Centering storytelling & creation stories
  2. Emerging ourselves into the stories told
  3. Adopting the resurgence narrative & making the stories personal
  4. Bringing awareness to the fact that we have all the knowledge (individually and in community)
25
Q

Name the 6 Nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy & their roles

A
  1. The Seneca (keepers of the Western door)
  2. The Cayuga
  3. The Onondaga (keepers of the Central fire)
  4. The Oneida
  5. The Mohawk (keepers of the Eastern Door)
  6. Tuscarora
26
Q

Convenant Chain

A

Complex system of alliances between theHaudenosauneeand the Dutch

27
Q

Wampum belt

A

represents the treaties between the Haudenosaunee and the Dutch.
Two purple lines: one represents a canoe with the laws, way of life and the people of the Haudenosaunee.
Other represents Dutch ship with the laws, religion, and people.

Symbolizes respect and non-interference.

28
Q

Meaning of Atateken

A

brothers/sisters in Mohawk

29
Q

Who is Kondiaronk

A

Huron-Wendat Grand Chief.
Principle broker of Great Peace of Montreal (negotiations)

30
Q

How many nations signed the Great Peace of Montreal (1701)

A

39 Nations

31
Q

Quill box (eight point star)

A

Seven of the points represent the seven Micmac regions in Southeastern Canada and Northwestern Maine, while the eighth point signifies Great Britain. (8th point added after the signing of a treaty)

32
Q

Learning Spirit

A

spirit that offers a guidance in learning

33
Q

Reciprocal restoration

A

Mutually reinforcing restoration of land and culture such that repair of ecosystem services contributes to cultural revitalization, and renewal of culture promotes restoration of ecological integrity

34
Q

Political contributions of the Haudenosaunee to North American societies

A
  1. More equitable vision of men and women
  2. Agricultural practices
  3. Environmental ethics
35
Q

Dish with One Spoon

A
  1. No selfishness (don’t take more than needed, sharing, leave something for others)
  2. Keep the dish (planet) clean

Indigenous Cultures (2 decks)

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