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midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

chemical medication name

A

provides the exact description of medications composition

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2
Q

generic medication name

A

the manufacturer who first developed the drug assigns the name ex. acedominiphone

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3
Q

trade medication name

A

also known as the brand name, the name under which a manufacturer markers the medication ex.tylonol

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4
Q

Medication classifications

A

-effect of medication on the body system
-symptoms the medication receives
-medications desired effect

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5
Q

medication forms

A

solid, liquid, buccal, sublingual, topical, parenteral, suppositories

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6
Q

absorption

A

passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration

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7
Q

factors that influence absorption

A

-route of administration
-ability of a medication to dissolve
-blood flow to the site of administration
-body surface area
-lipid solubility

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8
Q

distribution of medication

A

circulation, membrane permeability, protein building

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9
Q

medication metabolism

A

-medications are metabolized into a less-potent or an inactive form
-biotransformation occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, break down, and remove active chemicals

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10
Q

excretion

A

kidney, liver, bowel, lungs, exocrine glands

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11
Q

therapeutic effect

A

expected or predicted psychological responce

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12
Q

adverse effect

A

unintended, undesirable, often unpredictable
- side effect, toxic effect idiosyncratic reaction

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13
Q

side effect

A

predictable, unavoidable secondary effect

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14
Q

toxic effect

A

accumulation of medication in the bloodstream

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15
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

overreaction or underreaction or different reaction from normal

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16
Q

medication interactions

A

one medication modifies the action of another

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17
Q

medical dependence

A

physical and psychological

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18
Q

physical dependence

A

body shaking and symptoms bc your body needs it withdraws symptoms

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19
Q

psychological dependence

A

brain wants it for other reasons then need

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20
Q

biological half life

A

how long it takes for meds to hit peak

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21
Q

four major sites of injection

A

intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous

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22
Q

other parenteral routes

A

epidural, intracathrcal, intraosseous, intrapleural, intracardiac, intraarticular

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23
Q

nasal instillation methods

A

spray, drops, tampons

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24
Q

pressurized metered-dose inhalers

A

require hand strength and hand-breath coordination, may be used with spacer

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25
breath-actuated metered-dose inhalers
release depends on strength of patients breath on inspiration
26
dry powder inhalers
activated by patients breath, deliver more medication to the lungs
27
preparing an injection from an ampule
use a filter needle
28
before injecting, what do you need to know?
volume of meds, viscosity, and location of site, minimize pt discomfort
29
Subcutaneous injections
-placed into loose connective tissue under dermis -arms, abdomen, thigh -25-gauge at 45 degree angle ex. insulin
30
intramuscular injections
ex. flu, penicillin -90 degree angle -23-gauge -depending on age and size of pt, use different length and amount psa-you can split into different injections
31
z-track method
pull back skin, inject and release the skin to "close it" so the meds don't come back up
32
IM injection sites
-ventrogluteal site is #1 spot -vastus lateralis, used for adults and children -deltoid, not well developed in many adults and can cause injury if given
33
intradermal injections
ex. tb test 27 gauge
34
nurses administer medications intravenously by the following methods
-infusion of large volumes of IV fluid containers that contain medications mixed, labeled and dispensed by pharm ex. iv fluids - injection of a bolus or small volume of medication through an existing IV infusion line aka iv push -piggyback- infusion of a solution containing the prescribed medication and a small volume of iv fluid through an existing line
35
continuous iv fluids vs saline lock
continuous is connected to something where a saline has nothing
36
needle safety with intravenous administration- blunt tip must be capped when?
-adjusting dose -removing air bubbles -labeling syringe -transporting medications -blunt tip goes straight to Sharpe
37
osmosis
passive transport where the lower solute transport into higher solute for equal
38
osmolality
the concentration of solutes in body fluids
39
filtration
higher to lower
40
medical history assessment for volemia
-burns and heart failure can cause hypo bc it docent pump right
41
hypovolemic pt symptoms
small veins, low bp, eye bags, dark urine, delay of capillary refill, high heart rate
42
hypervolemic pt symptoms
swollen, high bp, clear urine, fluid sound in lungs
43
acute care for volemic pts
-replacements of fluids to increase drinking -restriction of fluids -total parenteral nutrition ( goes straight to veins)
44
IV access
-peripheral- hand, arm, foot -centeral venous catheters- goes straight to heart (central line)
45
how do you know the infusion rate?
lexicomp
46
how do you manage a line?
know when it is done, flush clean and make sure its safe and check for reactions
47
complications of Iv therapy
-circulatory overload of IV solution -infiltration (extravasation) -phlebitis -local infection -air embolism -bleeding at venipuncture site
48
extravsastion
when damage occurs atom infiltration
49
phlebitis
inflammation of the vein- red, swollen, tender
50
albumin
protein, keep fluid where it is
51
universal recepient
AB+
52
universal donor
O-
53
blood implementation
-2 IV sites - filter tubing with saline -2 RN check - stay with pt for 15 min -increase rate after 15 min -rate and hang time max 4 hrs
54
hemolytic transfusion reaction
-low back pain -hypotension -tachycardia -fever and chills -chest pain -tachypena -hemoglobinuria -immediate onset
55
AC
before meals
56
ad lib
as desired
57
bid
twice a day
58
pc
after meals
59
prn
when needed
60
q am
every morning
61
Qh
every hour
62
q4h
every 4 hours
63
qid
4 times per day
64
tid
3 times per day
65
angles of injections
muscular- 90 subcutaneous- 45 or 90 -dermal- 15
66
who makes the patient safety goals?
Joint commission
67
what are the joint commission goals?
-2 pt identifiers -improve staff communication -med saftey -use alarms safely -prevent infection -identify pts at risk for suicide -prevent mistakes in surgery
68
promoting safety
-encourage collaberation -acknowledge high risk situations -encourage blame-free environment -commitment to addressing safety concerns
69
oxygen tanks
-highly flammable!!! -store in side bc if falls over will explode because its pressurized -avaliability when traveling -carbon monoxide -proper ventilation
70
temperature
-hypothermia -frostbite -heat exhaustion/ stroke homeless, no air or heater
71
physical hazards
-stairs, lose rugs, chords, climbing on counters, furniture, pets -kids away from meds/ cleaning supplies, kitchen appliances/ utensils
72
hazards in work environment
-construction, health care, work outside
73
fall risk factors
-occupations with height -alcohol/drugs-bp meds, opioids, muscle relaxers -socieconomic factors- crowded home -underlying factors-orthostatic hypotension (-20/-10) -polypharmacy -physical inactivity -poor mobility -unsafe env. physical hazards -feet and shoes
74
fire rescue
R- rescue A- alarm C- contain E-evacuate
75
fire extinguish
P- pull A-Aim S-squeeze S-sweep
76
natural disaster
-disaster plan -away from windows -staffing issues -supplies -communication
77
HAI
healthcare associated infection
78
CAUTI
Cath. associated uti
79
CLABSI
central line associated blood stream infection
80
HAPI
healthcare associated pressure injury- check pt/more q2h or more
81
colonization
presence/grown of microorganisms that live within a host without tissue damage/invasion
82
chain of infection
-infectious agent -reservoir -portal of exit -modes of transportation -portal entry -susceptible host
83
reservoir
food, oxygen, water, temp., ph, light
84
portal of exit
skin and mucous membrane, respiratory tract, go tract, urinary tract, reproductive, blood
85
body defenses against infection
-normal flora(gut biomes) -body system defenses -inflammation
86
inflammation defenses
-vascular and cellular responses -inflammatory exudate (pus) -tissue repair (responding)
87
HAI's occur as the result of
-invasive procedures -antibiotic administration -multidrug-resistant organisms -breaks in infection prevention and control activities
88
factors influencing infection prevention and control
-age -sex -nutritional status -stress -disease process
89
health promotion
-nutrition -hygiene -immunization -adequate rest and regular exercise
90
medical asepsis
-control or elimination of infectious agents (cleaning and sterilization) -protection of the susceptible host -control and eliminate of reservoirs of infection -control of portals of exit/entry (cough correctly) -control of transmission
91
isolation
-standard precautions -transmission based precautions -psychological implications of isolation -isolation environment -PPE -specimen collection -bagging trash -transporting patients
92
transmission based precautions
-airborne, droplet, contact, and protective environment
93
airborne precautions
wash hands, N95, close door, neg. air in room
94
droplet precautions
wash hands, mask, goggles/shield, usually combination with contact
95
contact precautions
dedicated disposable equipment
96
order of putting equipment on
gown, mask, goggles, gloves
97
order of taking PPE off
gloves, goggles, gown, mask
98
airborne diseases
measles, chickenpox, rubeola
99
droplet diseases
flu, strep, meningitis, rhinovirus, tdap, pneumonia,
100
contact diseases
VRE, MRSA, c-diff, shingles, scabies
101
protective environment diseases
allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants
102
lozenge
cough drop
103
exposure issues
-accidental needlesticks -blood or other potentially infectious materials -airborne and droplet diseases
104

PNP (2 decks)

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