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Exercise Science > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

exercise requirements

A

150 mins mod-int/ 75 min vig-int

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2
Q

physical fitness

A

a set of health, or skill, related attributes that people have or achieve as a result of PA

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3
Q

exercise

A

planned, structured, repetitive movement done to improve or maintain one or more component of pf

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4
Q

endurance

A

ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply fuel during sustained PA

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5
Q

strength

A

amount of external force that a muscle can exert

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6
Q

balance

A

maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving

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7
Q

flexibility

A

ROM available at a joint

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8
Q

physical activity

A

any bodily movement produced by large skeletal muscles that requires substantial energy expenditure

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9
Q

non exercise activity thermoneogenisis (NEAT)

A

energy expended for everything we do that is not sleeping, eating, or sport-like exercise

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10
Q

physically inactive

A

term used to identify people who do no meet recommended levels of PA

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11
Q

sedentary behavior

A

any waking activity characterized by an EE of less than or equal to 1.5 metabolic equivalents in a seated or reclined posture

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12
Q

discretionary behaviors

A

behaviors such as watching tv, reading, playing video games

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13
Q

lifestyle PA

A

activities carried out in the course of daily life, which can contribute to sizable EE

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14
Q

activities of daily living (ADLs)

A

daily self-care activities

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15
Q

Basic ADLs

A

consist of self care tasks

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16
Q

instrumental ADLs

A

activities non necessary for fundamental function, but allow people to live more independently

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17
Q

primary modes of exercise

A

endurance, flexibility, strength, balance

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18
Q

sub-categories of PA

A

leisure-time, occupationl, household, and transport

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19
Q

non-discretionary behaviors

A

sitting at work, schools, or while commuting

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20
Q

importance of lifestyle PA

A

allows you to meet PA requirements throughout your day

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21
Q

PA guidelines for children

A

3 hours of all int activity throughout the day, encourage active play

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22
Q

PA guidelines for adolescents

A

at least 60 mins mod-v int aerobic with strength and bone training 3 days a week

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23
Q

PA guidlines for adults

A

150 mins or mod int or 75 mins v int aerobic throughout the day. strength train large muscle groups 2 days a week

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24
Q

PA guidelines for older adults

A

same as adults, weekly multicomponent PA including balancing

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25
PA guidelines for special populations
same age specific guidelines with adapted program to match ability
26
importance of PA measurements
- specify which aspects of PA are important for fitness-related outcomes - monitor changes in behavior over time - monitor effectiveness of behavioral changes
27
What aspects of PA can be measured
FITT
28
Important measurement considerations
validity, reliability, feasibility, objectivity, intensity
29
validity
is it accurate
30
reliability
is it precise
31
feasibility
is it practical
32
objectivity
can it be successfully repeated
33
intensity
varied yet critical
34
relative intensity
subjective level of effort required to do an activity
35
the talk test
relative intensity measurement based on noting if you can sing, or talk
36
RPE scale
relative intensity measurement based on how hard you think you're working
37
absolute intensity
amt energy used/min of activity
38
Energy expenditure
sum of BMR, and energy expended during PA
39
Metabolic Equivalent of Task (met)
physiological measure expressing energy cost of PAs
40
compendium of PA
identifies and updates MET codes that has published evidence to support values of intensity
41
subjective assessments of PA
self report, diaries, logs, interview, surveys, questionnaires
42
advantages of subjective measurements
- easy to use - cost effective - short duration - quantitative or qualitative
43
limitations of subjective measurements
- social desirability - memory related issues - immediacy/recency - familiarity of terminology - may not be transferrable - accuracy is questionable
44
objective measurements of PA
monitors, pedometers, accelerometers
45
advantages of objective measurements
- small and non intrusive - easy to administer - avoid bias/inaccuracy - useful in variety of settings
46
limitations of objective measurements
- not cost effective - may not able to id type of PA - may not collect water-based data
47
criterion assessment of PA
direct observation and doubly labeled water
48
DO advantages
- highly accurate - minor interference - domain and environment specific
49
DO limitations
- labor, training, and time intensive
50
DBL h20 advantages
highly accurate
51
DBL limitations
- isotopes cost $100 - requires mass spectrometer - impractical for epidemiological studies - does. not provide FITT data
52
personality
sum total of an individual's characteristics which make them unique
53
why study personality?
- stable aspect of personality is important for effective function in society - dynamic aspect is important for learning and adaptation
54
psychodynamic theory
internal, unconscious processes that are constantly in conflict with each others
55
psychodynamic theory weakness
- little utility for sport and PA - ignores influence of social environment
56
Trait theory
personality is defined my relatively stable, predisposed traits
57
trait theory weakness
- implies behavior is consistent and generalized - ignores environmental factors
58
situational theory
- behavior is determined largely based on situation or environment - watching what others do= new ideas and behavior
59
interactional approach
behavior is determined by person and situation as well as interaction behavior= f(person x enviornment)
60
motivation
the direction and intensity of one's effort
61
attribution theory
lay psychology ; naive analysis of action
62
4 categories of attribution
luck, effort, ability, task difficulty
63
causal dimensions
locus, stability, control
64
consequences of attribution
emotional responses, and expectations for the future
65
attribution process
event, outcome, attribution, affect and expectations, motivation for future
66
learned helplessness
belief that no matter the situation or outcome you have no control over it
67
competition
comparison of an individual's performance with some standard of excellence with at least one other individual who is aware of the criterion for comparison and can evaluate the comparison process
68
process of competition
1. objective competition: def 2. subjective competition: how the person perceives it 3. response: engage or avoid 4. consequences: evaluation of response to standards of performance
69
cooperation
rewarding the collective achievements of people working together
70
comp-comp
be better than everyone else
71
co-op-comp
work together, beat opponent
72
coop-coop
work together, everyone improves
73
coop-indv
work together, you improve
74
indv-indv
no co-op or comp occurring; improve individual performance
75
cooperative approach to learning
- maximize participation - maximize opportunities to learn - don't keep score - provide positive feedback
76
group
a collection of interacting individuals who share collective ID, structured modes of comm, sense of shared purpose
77
team
a group of interacting individuals who must interact to accomplish common goals
78
steiner's model of performance
actual productivity: potential pro- losses due to faulty processes
79
actual productivity
what the group actually accomplishes
80
potential productivity
group's best possible performance given its resources and task demands
81
faulty processes
- coordination problems - decrease in individual motivation
82
social loafing
diffusion of responsibility; when some don't work as hard as others, a decrease in cumulative group performance can be expected
83
cohesion
a group's tendency to stick together while pursuing its goals and objectives
84
primary factors contributing to cohesion
environment, personal, leadership, membership
85
task cohesion
level of effectiveness a group/ team displays when performing as a unit
86
social cohesion
how group/tea functions outside of performance activities
87
structural influences on cohesion
- group size - physical proximity - communication - role differentiation and sub groups

Exercise Science (7 decks)

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