Midterm

Question 1

set of codes that an individual uses to guide their behavior

Answer 1

ethical framework

Question 2

a way of looking at ethical issues in a systematic manner

Answer 2

ethical framework

Question 3

What are the 5 ethical frameworks?

Answer 3

• Natural Law of St. Thomas Aquinas
• Virtue Ethics of Aristotle
• Deontological/Duty Ethics by Immanuel Kant
• Love and Justice Framework
• Utilitiarian/Consequentialist/Teological

Question 4

law of right reason

Answer 4

Natural Law of St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 5

what is right is what follows the natural law (likas na dapat), the rule which says:

Answer 5

do good and avoid evil

Question 6

its requirements flow from the intrinsic difference between right and wrong

Answer 6

Natural Law of St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 7

same at all times, in all places, and for all persons

Answer 7

Natural Law of St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 8

emanates from God alone

Answer 8

Natural Law of St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 9

promulgated through the light of reason

Answer 9

Natural Law of St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 10

one who has developed good character or virtues

Answer 10

an ethical person

Question 11

“what is moral is what a virtuous person does”

Answer 11

Aristotle

Question 12

moral excellence

Answer 12

virtue

Question 13

the mean between two extremes

Answer 13

Golden Mean

Question 14

mean between foolhardiness and cowardice is the virtue called what?

Answer 14

courage

Question 15

Virtue ethics in other traditions:

Answer 15

Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism

Question 16

5 Basic Moral Virtues emphasized in Hinduism

Answer 16

non-violence, truthfulness, honesty, chastity, freedom

Question 17

a duty-based approach that is based on universal principles such as honesty, fairness, justice, and respect for persons or property

Answer 17

Deontological/Duty ethics by Immanuel Kant

Question 18

based on the view that morality is derived from duty or obligation

Answer 18

deontology

Question 19

this branch of moral philosophy states that one should act following a certain set of principles regardless of the consequences

Answer 19

deontology

Question 20

an act is _______ if one gives the other more than what the other is due

Answer 20

ethical

Question 21

minimum of love

Answer 21

justice

Question 22

more than justice

Answer 22

love

Question 23

giving the other what is due

Answer 23

justice

Question 24

giving the other more than what is due

Answer 24

love

Question 25

love as moral framework is ______

Answer 25

agapeic

Question 26

charity in love

Answer 26

agape

Question 27

love principle preached by Jesus

Answer 27

agape

Question 28

per St. Thomas Aquinas, love is what?

Answer 28

willing the good of another

Question 29

rendering service to those in need

Answer 29

agape

Question 30

justice that is concerned with the distribution or allotment of goods, duties, and privileges in concert with the merits of individuals, and the best interests of society

Answer 30

distributive justice

Question 31

What are the features of distributive justice?

Answer 31

egalitarianism, capitalist and free-market systems, socialists, taxation, protection and preservation of public welfare, property for public use

Question 32

the doctrine of political and social equality in terms of entitlement to due process of law and equal protection of the law

Answer 32

egalitarianism

Question 33

let the law of demand and supply follow its course; thus, it is an equalizer

Answer 33

capitalist and free-market systems

Question 34

collective ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange

Answer 34

socialists

Question 35

follows the rule: from each according to their ability, to each according to their need

Answer 35

socialists

Question 36

government’s getting a part of what its people earn in order to have money to spend for public services, operating and maintaining public places or properties, for people’s use

Answer 36

taxation

Question 37

How can taxation be an instrument of social justice in the Philippines?

Answer 37

social justice, common good

Question 38

equal access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges within society. In other words, it is equitable distribution of wealth, opportunities and privileges

Answer 38

social justice

Question 39

promotion of it is equivalent to promotion of the common good

Answer 39

social justice

Question 40

refers to those facilities – material, cultural, or institutional – that the members of a community provide to all members in order to fulfill a relational obligation they all have to care for certain interests that they have in common

Answer 40

common good

Question 41

power to govern, to make, adopt and enforce laws for the protection and preservation of public health, justice, morals, order, safety and security and welfare

Answer 41

protection and preservation of public welfare

Question 42

power to take private property for public use with just compensation

Answer 42

property for public use

Question 43

example of property for public use

Answer 43

doctrine of eminent domain

Question 44

focuses on consequences; focuses on the future effects of the possible courses of action, considering the people who will be directly or indirectly affected

Answer 44

utilitarianism

Question 45

which is ethical has good consequences, that is, the one that gives pleasure and happiness as a consequence

Answer 45

utilitarianism

Question 46

a form of consequentialism; focuses on the consequence of action in contract with deontology

Answer 46

utilitarianism

Question 47

an act is ethical if it brings about the greatest good for the greatest number of those affected by the act

Answer 47

principle of the greatest good of the greatest number

Question 48

in the quality and quantity criteria, what is the quality and the quantity?

Answer 48

greatest good, greatest number

Question 49

holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness

Answer 49

principle of utility or greatest happiness principle

Question 50

intended pleasure and the absence of pain

Answer 50

happiness

Question 51

pain and privation of pleasure

Answer 51

unhappiness

Question 52

a moral philosophy that emphasizes individuals' character and personality traits instead of their actions

Answer 52

virtue ethics

Question 53

this approach emphasizes cultivating good virtues

Answer 53

virtue ethics

Question 54

refers to genuine moral excellence of character

Answer 54

virtue (arete)

Question 55

humans should act in ways that seek purpose and meaning

Answer 55

eudaimonia

Question 56

refers to the importance of rational decision-making based on empirical evidence

Answer 56

practical wisdom (phronesis)

Question 57

a theory asserting that certain rights or values are inherent by virtue of human nature and can be universally understood through human reason

Answer 57

natural law

Question 58

posits that these laws are immutable and unchangeable, serving as a basis for morality and justice throughout human history

Answer 58

natural law

Question 59

its examples are right to law, pursuit of happiness, family bonds, property ownership, self-defense, truth-telling, religious freedom, and reproduction rights

Answer 59

natural law

Question 60

an ethical theory that proposes that an action should be considered morally right if it follows a rule leading to the best overall outcome for individuals in society

Answer 60

rule utilitarianism

Question 61

according to this, we should judge the morality of individual actions by reference to general moral rules, and the correct moral rules are those rules whose general acceptance would maximize well-being

Answer 61

rule utilitarians

Question 62

examples are refraining from lying and abiding by laws and regulations

Answer 62

rule utilitarianism

Question 63

an ethical theory that suggests an individual should act based on what they believe to be morally right, regardless of the consequences

Answer 63

deontology

Question 64

according to this, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its inherent nature and cannot be affected by any of its consequences

Answer 64

deontology

Question 65

means that a morally right action should be performed even if the immediate result of it is negative

Answer 65

deontology

Question 66

examples of this are honesty and humility

Answer 66

deontology