Utilitarianism

Question 1

operates in this understanding of ethical actions as supposed to be always aiming at the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Answer 1

Utilitarianism

Question 2

one of the most important and influential moral theories of modern times

Answer 2

Utilitarianism

Question 3

outlook of utilitarianism came from this person with his writings from the mid-18th century

Answer 3

Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711-1776)

Question 4

Utilitarianism received both its name and its clearest statement in the writings of these English philosophers

Answer 4

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

Question 5

______’s essay “Utilitarianism,” which was published in ____, remains one of the most widely taught expositions of the doctrine

Answer 5

Mill, 1861

Question 6

Three Principles of Utilitarianism

Answer 6

1. Pleasure or Happiness Is the Only Thing That Truly Has Intrinsic Value
2. Actions Are Right Insofar as They Promote Happiness, Wrong Insofar as They Produce Unhappiness
3. Everyone’s Happiness Counts Equally

Question 7

constitutes the heart of utilitarian philosophy; it is also that which makes it a consequentialist one

Answer 7

Principle of Utility

Question 8

Bentham and Mill characterized ____________ as utility and understood it as whatever produced happiness or pleasure and the avoidance of pain

Answer 8

moral value

Question 9

John Stuart Mill revises Bentham utilitarianism and its common calculus by referring to a __________.

Answer 9

Hierarchy of Pleasures

Question 10

respected for rights directed toward society’s pursuit for the greatest happiness of the greatest number

Answer 10

Justice

Question 11

related to the interests that serve general happiness; right to due process and the right to free speech or religion among others are justified because they contribute to the general good

Answer 11

Rights