Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three divisions of the skin?
A
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
2
Q
How many layers are there in the Epidermis? Please name them… (GMGCHS)
A
6 layers
Germinative Layer or Stratum Germinativum
Malpighain Layer or Stratum Spinosum
Granular Layer or Stratum Granulosum
Clear Layer or Stratum Lucidum
Horny Layer or Stratum Corneum
Squamous Layer or Stratum Dysjunctum
3
Q
What is the Epidermis?
A
the outer layer of your skin
4
Q
Name the 1st layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…
A
Germinative Layer or Stratum Germinativum
Juicy and living cells
Producing new cells and where mitosis happens
Vitamin D is mainly absorbed here
5
Q
Name the 2nd layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…
A
Melpighain Layer or Stratum Spinosum
‘spiny’ or ‘prickle’ cells
Cells start to dehydrate
Start to connect to each other
6
Q
Name the 3rd layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…
A
Granular Layer or Stratum Granulosum
Basel layer
Process of transformation
Cells are dry, waxy flakes
Keratin starts, waxy protien
**Creates the barrier function **
7
Q
Name the 4th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…
A
Clear Layer or Stratum Corneum
Production of calluses
Filled with keratin
palms and feet
8
Q
Name the 5th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…
A
Horny Layer or Stratum Corneum
Firmly cemented together (incellular cement)
Barrier to prevent TWEL
Where we bluebirds do our magic!
9
Q
Name the 6th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…
A
Squamous Layer or Stratum Dysjunctum
scaly exterior cells waiting to be sloughed off body
10
Q
What two layers are in the Dermis?
A
Papillary Layer
Recticular Layer
11
Q
How much of the papillary layer is in the dermis?
A
1/5
12
Q
Explain the papillary layer…
A
loose (areolar) connective tissue
rich supply of blood capoillaries + nerve endings for touch
dermal papillae which project into the epidermis
13
Q
How much of the recticular layer is in the dermis?
A
4/5
14
Q
Explain the reticular layer…
A
highly sensitive
collagen and elastic fibers
skins elasticity breaksdown from UV, smoking no sunscreen
large layer
15
Q
Explain what the hypodermis is….
A
thick layer of irregularly connective tissue
fatty layer
below the dermis and on top of muscles
fat padding acts as a shock
absorber
16
Q
Where are fibroblasts located?
A
Papillary Layer
17
Q
A
18
Q
Where does keratinization start?
A
Starting in the germinative layer
19
Q
Where does keratinization end?
A
Horny layer
20
Q
What happens to the cells during keratinization? (SCD)
A
several modifications
changing from whole, moist, living
into dry, dehydrated, waxy shells
21
Q
Major pigment coloring the skin is called _____
A
melanin
22
Q
___ in the skin to act as an umbrella to protect skin from UV damage
A
melanin
23
Q
Melanin granules are created by special cells found in the germinative layer of theepidermis called ______
A
melonocytes
24
Q
Melanin is primarily given credit for creating the _______
A
skins color
25
What is **Melan**ocytes **Stimulating** Hormone? MSH
stimulated from pituitary gland
responsible for activating melanin
26
The most visible part of the follicle is where it opens onto the skins surface.
Silo-sebacous follicle
27
Pilo-sebacous commonly referred to as a
pore
28
What are the Sebaceous glands? (How big, where are they and what do they open into)? (SDF)
small glandular organs
dermis
follicular canal
29
What two factors increase sebaceous activity?
stress
puberty
30
Where are the sebaceous glands found
all parts of body, particulary the face
31
What are Sudoriferous glands commonly referred to as?
sweat glands
32
Where are sudoriferous glands found?
all over body
33
What are the two sweat glands called..
eccrine glands
apocrine glands
34
Where are the eccrine glands found and what ph level are they (acidic or alkaline)?
all over the body
acidic in nature
35
The pH of a substance is its.. (A&A)
degree of acidity or alkalinity
36
What does pH stand for
Potential Hydrogen
37
What is the pH neutral point...
7
38
Anything below 7 on the pH scale is....
acidic
39
Anything over 7 to 14 on the pH scale is....
Alkaline
40
What does buffer capacity mean..
the skins ability to return to the normal value of approx pH 5 after changes
41
What are Hydrophobic Fats?
intercellular cement, prevents TWEL
42
What are Hydrophilic Fats?
Fats in sebum & sweats Hyper Lipid Layer, moisture from air
43
What does permeability mean
What does impermeability mean
allows liquids & gases to enter
not allowing liquids & gases to enter
44
What is Imbibition?
swelling of horny layer, steam does this to skin
45
Horny Assimilation is...
skin interacts to products, self tanner
46
Transcutaneous Absorption...
penetration of a substance through the skin and into the bloodstream like essential oils or drugs
47
What are the 5
Couperose Skin Treatment objectives?
CV, H,N,P,E
Calm Vast-Instrict
Hydrate
Normaliza PH
Protect
Educate
48
What are the 6
Sensitive Skin Treatment objectives?
CI,IP,RB,H,N,E
Calm Irritation
Insulate & Protect
Restore Barrier
Hydrate
Normalize PH
Educate
49
What are the 6
Alipidic Skin Treatment objectives?
IP,RB,IPCM,H,N,E
Insulate & Protect
Restore Barrier
Insulate Peripheral Circulation & Metabolism
Hydrate
Normalize PH
Educate
50
What are the 4
Normal Skin Treatment objectives?
M,A,P,E
Maintain all skin functions
Adjust to climate
Protect
Educate
51
What are the 4
Dehydrated Skin Treatment objectives?
H,N,P,E
Hydrate
Normallize pH
Protect
Educate
52
What are the 9
Acne Skin Treatment objectives?
CI, RT, CC, DS, PH, H, N, P, E
Calm possible inflammation
Refine surface texture
Clear congestion
Disinfect & soothe
Promote healing
Hydrate
Normalize pH
Protect
Educate
53
What are the 9
Mature Skin Treatment objectives?
IPCM, ILW, RT, TF, CD, H, N, P, E
Increase peripheral circulation & metabolism
Improve superficial lines & wrinkles
Refine surface texture
Tone & Firm
Counteract free-radical damage
Hydrate
Normalize pH
Protect
Educate
54
Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for 1) hydrogel infusion
2) lucas
3) paraffin mask
4) red LED
5) ampoule
6) collagen fleece mask
Dehydrated Skin
55
Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) oil infusion
2) percussion technique
Alipidic Skin
56
Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) BT mirco exfoliate
2) disincrustation
Oily Skin
57
Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) steam w/ozone
2) BT sonic exfoliate
Acne Skin
58
Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) lucas w/ peppermint
2) cold globes
3) chamomile compress
Couperose Skin
59
Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) lucas w/ essential oil
2) cold globes
3) chamomile compress
Sensitive Skin
60
Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) oil infusion
2) paraffin mask
Mature Skin
61
Seborrhea Sicca is what kind of skin?
Oily that has been severely mistreated
62
What are the factors for dermal dehydration?
is dehydratation of the internal layers of skin & is a result of internal factors
63
What are the causes of dehydration? (N,M,D,SD)
Neglect
Medication
Diet
Sun Damage
64
What are the over-treatment or incorrect treatments that causes dehydration? (EE, HS, HC, A, TM)
Excessive Exfoliate
Hot Showers
Harsh Cleansing
Astringents
Topical Medication
65
What are the pathogenic factors for acne (K,HS,P)
Keratinization
Hyper-Secretion
P Acne Bacteria
66
What are non-Inflammatory acne lesions? (SF, COC,M)
Sebaceous Filaments
Comedones, Open & Closed
Milia
67
Which acne non-Inflammatory lesions congested follicle of sebum (extractable)
Sebaceous Filaments
68
Which acne non-Inflammatory lesions dilated pore filled with black, oxidized, keratinous material (extractable)
Open Comedo
69
Which acne non-Inflammatory lesions small microscopic opening, non oxidized (extractable)
Closed Comedo
70
Which acne non-Inflammatory lesion white firm bumps just under the skin (extractable with lancet)
Milia
71
What are Inflammatory acne lesions? (P,P,N,C,S)
Papule
Pustule
Nodule
Cysts
Scar
72
Which Inflammatory acne lesion is 5mm or less, small/red/sore bump (non extractable)
Papule
73
Which Inflammatory acne lesion is pusfilled/red/swollen bump with pus (extractable)
Pustule
74
Which Inflammatory acne lesion is 5mm or more, deep seated lump (non extractable)
Nodule
75
Which Inflammatory acne lesion is deep seated inflammation within body tissue contained by a membrane
Cysts
76
Which Inflammatory acne lesion result of an inflammatory lesion, hardened/irregular/granular tissue formed during healing
Scar
77
Which Inflammatory acne lesion is swollen area within body tissue containing accumulation of pus (non extractable)
Abscess
78
What is Imbibition?
swelling of horny layer, steam does this to skin
79
What are Hydrophobic Fats?
intercellular cement, prevents TWEL
80
What are Hydrophilic Fats?
Fats in sebum & sweats Hyper Lipid Layer, moisture from air
81
Horny Assimilation is...
skin interacts to products, self tanner
82
Transcutaneous Absorption...
fancyword for how essential oils and hormones can absorb/blood stream
83
Anagen is...
where you get long term hair reduction
84
Telogen is...
Resting hair stage
85
What is Trichology?
study and science of hair
86
A condition in which the tissue of the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection
Inflammation
87
Resist antiseptics, anti**microbials,** and disinfection through a **sticky** matrix substance.
Biofilms
88
Multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places. =>
Bacteria
89
There can be no **b**acterial infection without the **p**resence of BLANK
pathogenic bacteria
90
Single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds, mildews, and yeasts.
Fungi
91
Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body.
Biofilms
92
What is anagen?
first stage of hair growth
Best stage for hair removal
93
What is removing hair from the folllicles via tweezing or waxing?
epilation
94
What is the funcation of a depilatory?
Temporarily removing hair by dissolving it at skin level
95
When waxing the lip, where are there often nuisance hairs that bother the client?
vermillion border
96
What shape does a hair follicle take?
small tube
97
What is lanugo hair?
fine, soft, downy hair
98
Name the parts of the structure of the hair (ASFRPB)
arrector pili muscle
sabaceous gland
hair follicle
hair root
hair papilia
blood vessel
99
anchors hair to the skin cells
hair root
100
is a thick, club-shaped structure madefrom epithelial cells
hair blub
101
cone-shaped elevation of connective tissue
hair papilla
102
mass of epidermal cells forming a small tube
hair follicle
103
defined as the part of the hair located above the surface of skin
hair shaft
104
The pH of a substance is its.. (A&A)
degree of acidity or alkalinity
105
What does pH stand for
Potential Hydrogen
106
What does buffer capacity mean..
the skins ability to return to the normal value of approx pH 5 after changes
107
Where does keratinization start?
Starting in the germinative layer
108
Where are sudoriferous glands found?
all over body
109
What are Sudoriferous glands commonly referred to as?
sweat glands
110
Explain what the hypodermis is....
thick layer of irregularly connective tissue
fatty layer
below the dermis and on top of muscles
fat padding acts as a shock
absorber
111
How much of the papillary layer is in the dermis?
1/5
112
How much of the recticular layer is in the dermis?
4/5
113
Explain the reticular layer...
highly sensitive and made up of elastic material
collagen and elastic fibers
skins elasticity breaksdown from UV, large layer
114
Explain the papillary layer...
rich supply of blood capoillaries nerve endings for touch
dermal papillae
115
Name the 6th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does...
Squamous Layer or Stratum Dysjunctum
scaly exterior cells waiting to be sloughed off body
116
Name the 5th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does...
Horny Layer or Stratum Corneum
Firmly cemented together (incellular cement)
Barrier to prevent TWEL
Where we bluebirds do our magic!
117
Name the 4th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does...
Clear Layer or Stratum Corneum
Production of calluses
Filled with keratin
palms and feet
118
Name the 3rd layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does...
Granular Layer or Stratum Granulosum
Basel layer
Process of transformation
Cells are dry, waxy flakes
Keratin starts, waxy protien
**Creates the barrier function **
119
Name the 2nd layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does...
Melpighain Layer or Stratum Spinosum
'spiny' or 'prickle' cells
Cells start to dehydrate
Start to connect to each other
120
Name the 1st layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does...
Germinative Layer or Stratum Germinativum
Juicy and living cells
Producing new cells and where mitosis happens
Vitamin D is mainly absorbed here
121
How many layers are there in the Epidermis? Please name them... (GMGCHS)
6 layers
Germinative Layer or Stratum Germinativum
Malpighain Layer or Stratum Spinosum
Granular Layer or Stratum Granulosum
Clear Layer or Stratum Lucidum
Horny Layer or Stratum Corneum
Squamous Layer or Stratum Dysjunctum
122
What pH point is healthy skin at...
4.5 and 5.5
123
What does pH stand for
Potential Hydrogen
124
What is the pH neutral point...
7
125
Anything below 7 on the pH scale is....
acidic
126
Anything over 7 to 14 on the pH scale is....
Alkaline
127
Technical term for epidermis
stratified epithelial tissue
128
A cell found in connective tissue that produces fibers, such as collagen
Fibroblasts
129
Starts in germinative layer and ends in horny layer
Takes 14 days for daughter cellls to make their way to the horny layer
Takes 14 days to slough off
Protects against TEWL
Keratinization
130
Dark pigment that imparts color to skin and hair
Melanin
131
Pilo-Sebaceous Follicle
Hair follicle
132
Gland in the dermis of the skin that open into the hair follicle and produce/secrete sebum
sebaceous glands
133
alkaline in nature, develop during puberty, responsible for odors
sudoriferous glands - apocrine glands
134
acidic in nature, all over body, responsible for perspiration
sudoriferous glands - apocrine glandsEccrine glands
135
Hydro-lipid film =
acid mantle
136
Skins ability to return to the normal value of ≈ph 5 after changes
Buffer capacity
137
Water repelling
Hydrophobic fats
138
Water attracting
Hydrophilic fats
139
Truly oily skin
Seborrhea oleosa
140
Registers all types of disinfectants sold/used in the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
141
Single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics and can only see under the microscope
Bacteria
142
Which pathogenic are harmless and harmful
Nonpathogenic - harmless
Pathogenic - harmful and can cause disease/infection
143
a fluid containing white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells, and is the byproduct of the infectious process
Pus
144
Most common bacteria
Can be picked up on doorknobs/countertops/etc
skin-to-skin contact
Staphylococci
145
Initially appears as skin infection resulting in pimples, rashes, boil
MRSA
146
Submicroscopic particle that infects/resides in the cells of a biological organism
Viruses
147
HIV is a bloodborne pathogen and causes AIDS
AIDS
148
Single-felled organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts
Fungi
149
Organisms that grow/feed/shelter on or inside another organism
Parasites
150
Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces
Biofilms
151
Stable/uniform mixture of two or more substances
Solutions
152
Substance that is dissolved in a solution
Solute
153
Substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution
Solvent
154
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid
Suspensions
155
Unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances
Emulsions
156
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions
Immiscible
157
Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions
Miscible
158
Oil droplets are emulsified in water
O/W emulsion
159
Water droplets are emulsified in oil
W/O emulsion
160
Mass of epidermal cells forming a small tube or canal
hair follicle
161
Lined with epidermal tissue
Where cell mitosis happens
Follicular canal
162
secretes sebum to lubricate hair and skin
Sebaceous gland
163
Contracts when stimulated by cold or other stimuli
arrector pili muscle
164
Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females
Terminal hair
165
Process of removing hair at or near the level of the skin
Ex: shaving/chemical depilation
Depilation
166
Removes hair from the bottom of the follicle by breaking contact between the bulb and the papilla
Ex: tweezing/waxing/sugaring/threading
Epilation
167
there are what Tweezing
Shaving
Chemical Depilatory
Threading
Sugaring
Waxing
Temporary hair removal methods
168
vermillion border
line around the lips
169
underarm is also called
Axilla
170
what are two facial massage contraindications
contagious diseases
inflamed acne
171
soft/continuous stroking
Effleurage
172
compression technique includes kneading/squeezing/pinching
Petrissage
173
percussive stroke/fast tapping (aka percussion
Tapotement
174
invigorating rubbing
Friction
175
