Midterm Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
What are the characteristics of life?
A
growth, reproduce, movement, metabolism (the breaking down of food for energy), responsiveness
2
Q
Cephalic
A
head
3
Q
nuchal
A
neck
4
Q
scapular
A
shoulder blade
5
Q
vertebral
A
back bone
6
Q
lumbar
A
love handles
7
Q
brachial
A
arm
8
Q
olecranon
A
elbow
9
Q
antebrachial
A
forearm
10
Q
gluteal
A
buttocks
11
Q
femoral
A
thigh
12
Q
popliteal
A
back of knee
13
Q
sural
A
calf
14
Q
calcaneal
A
heel
15
Q
cranial
A
head
16
Q
facial
A
face
17
Q
cervical
A
neck
18
Q
deltoid
A
shoulder
19
Q
pectoral
A
chest
20
Q
sternal
A
center of chest
21
Q
brachial
A
arm
22
Q
antebrachial
A
forearm
23
Q
manual
A
hand
24
Q
digital
A
fingers/toes
25
abdominal
belly
26
inguinal
groin
27
coxal
hip
28
genicular
knee
29
crural
leg
30
pedal
foot
31
Homeostasis
stability, balance; symptoms: fever, drowsy, fatigued, achy, headache
32
Receptors or sensors
provide a mechanism to detect our internal condition
33
set point
normal; to be in homeostasis
34
effectors
what my body's mechanism is to adjust
35
integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, glands (exocrine/endocrine); functions: protects body/skin, generates heat
36
skeletal system
206 bones in adults; function: movement/protection
37
Nervous system
brain, nerves, spinal column; function: sensory input, control center for body
38
Respiratory system
lungs, trachea, larnyx, pharnyx; function:breathing/speaking
39
Digestive system
Esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine; function: breakdown of food, provide energy, helps to get rid of waste
40
Reproductive system
uterus, vagina, penis, prostrate mammary glands; function: continuation of species
41
Cardiovascular system
heart, blood vessels; function: pumps blood (circulation), keeps organs functioning
42
Muscular system
gastrocnemius, ligaments, tendons; function: movement
43
Lymphatic system
spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes; function: provides us immunity, helps fight off disease
44
Urinary system
bladder, ureters, kidneys; function: get rid of waste, clean blood
45
Endocrine system
adrenal, hypothalamus, thyroid; function: releasing of hormones
46
Nucleus
headquarters of cell/control center
47
Nucleolus
makes ribosomes (involved in making proteins)
48
Chromatin
DNA in a non-dividing cell
49
Nuclear pores
passageway for ribosomes to leave nucleus
50
Ribosomes
makes proteins (building blocks: amino acids)
51
ER
houses ribosomes
52
Smooth ER
"detoxifier of the cell"; takes out alcohol + makes lipids (fats); liver has the most smooth ER
53
Golgi Apparatus
"pancakes of the cell"; inspects proteins made in cell, packages/secretes into cell
54
cisternae
each pancake
55
cis side
closer to rough ER
56
trans side
when substances are released into cell
57
mitochondria
"powerhouse of the cell"; makes ATP; muscles/liver have the most mitochondria
58
lysosome
"garbage collector"; filled w/ enzymes to digest cell garbage
59
Perioxosomes
converts H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) to H2O
60
Cytoskeleton
guides organelles in movement; gives cell structure
61
microfilament
made of protein (actin)
62
intermediate filaments
proteins (actin + myosin)
63
microtubules
made up of tubulin (protein)
64
cell membrane head
phosphate (hydrophilic)
65
cell membrane tail
phospholipid (hydrophobic)
66
cholesterol
help to keep membrane flexible
67
enzymes
peripheral proteins
68
catalyst
speeds up chemical reactions
69
Lnd-ase
lactose in tolerant
70
Channel protein
integral protein; carry types of ions in/out of cell
71
Cell identity protein
help to detect "self"
72
Tissues
a group of cells that are connected by junctions that form tissues
73
Histology
study of tissues
74
junctions
glue to hold cells together
75
Epithelial
cells are packed together; see this tissue in body surfaces, blood vessels, and lungs
76
classification of epithelial
of layers, cell shapes
77
simple squamous
single flattened layers of cells, diffusion (molecules moving from > to < concentration); ex: O2 -> CO2, seen in lungs; filtration: seen in kidneys to get rid of waste
78
Simple cuboidal
seen in ovaries; ducts of kidneys
79
lumen
open space in a duct or hollow organ
80
simple columnar
can possess cilia, some cannot (non-ciliated) depending on location; ciliated (moves eggs): found in fallopian tubes (found in female reproductive); found in trachea, moves out particles; non ciliated: have microvilli instead (absorption), seen in stomach/intestines
81
goblet cells
secrete gland mucus + unicellular)
82
Pseudostratified columnar
found: lungs, bronchioles, trachea; nuclei are uneven illusion of multiple layers, all cells are attached to basement membrane; has cilia for movement; goblet cells to secret mucus
83
Stratified squamous
filled w/ keratin; multiple layers of flat cells; seen in layers of skin, cervix, mouth (oral cavity)
84
Transitional
shape shifter (cuboidal to squamous); uterus (stretches during pregnancy); bladder (stretches when peeing)
85
Stratified cuboidal
made up of 2+ layers; found in the mammary ducts, sweat glands, pancreas, female reproductive system
86
Stratified columnar
2+ layers; primarily in ducts of kidney, male/female reproductive
86
Role of connective tissue
support, insulation (adipose tissue), produce RBC, protects against infection, helps to repair damaged tissue
86
Loose Connective Tissue
areolar, adipose, reticular
86
dense connective tissue
hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibro cartilage, blood, bone
87
areolar
made up of primarily fiberblasts, collagen + elastic; found in most areas of body + under epithelial tissue; binds skin to organs/breast tissue
88
adipose
fat cells (triglyceride); seen around kidneys (for padding); on surface of heart; stomach area; back of eyeballs (cushion)
89
ground substance
water protein
90
Reticular
made up of thin reticular fibers; provide a framework of support for the organs that they are a part of; seen in liver/spleen
91
Hyaline cartilage
made up of collagen fibers; chondro cytes (cartilage); seen in fetal skeleton, found in joints + ends of bones/nose
92
lacuna
space in cartilage
93
Elastic cartilage
made up of elastic fibers/chondrocytes; found in larnyx (voice box), found in out ear
94
fibro cartilage
made up mostly of collagen fibers; to provide a framework for support; found in between vertebrae
95
Blood
RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma, factor 8
96
RBC
carries hemoglobin; AB (universal recipient), A, B, O (universal donor)
97
WBC
fights off infection; plasma to add volume; platelets/factor 8 to help clot + stop bleeding
98
Bone
calcium: important material for bone; osteoporosis: seen in older women/depletion of calcium; osteocytes: bone cells; osteons: "rods" that make up compact bones
99
Macrophage
uses phagocytosis to engulf foreign microbes in the body
100
Stem cell
they can be any cell that is needed in the body
101
White blood cells
fight off disease, infections, sickness, etc
102
fibers
*reticular fibers; provides stretchability to tissue; made up of elastin (protein)
103
Collagen
thickest + strongest; displays tensile strength; pulled without tearing
