Midterm Flashcards
(116 cards)
0
Q
Girls have a right to sports opportunities similar to boys. A) Moral B) Economic C) Political D) Social
A
D) Social
1
Q
The US government apologized and must pay $20,000 to all survive is of the Internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. A) Moral B) Economic C) Political D) Social
A
A) Moral
2
Q
Owners may sue trespassers for entering their property. A) Moral B) Economic C) Political D) Social
A
B) Economic
3
Q
Every society that has ever existed has recognized the need for laws.
A) True
B) False
A
A) True
4
Q
At age 18 people may join the military without parent permission. A) Moral B) Economic C) Political D) Social
A
D) Social
5
Q
Another term for lawsuit is________.
A
Civil action
6
Q
Voters may use mail in ballots. A) Moral B) Economic C) Political D) Social
A
C) Political
7
Q
The system designed to prevent any one branch of the federal government from becoming too powerful is?
A
Checks and balances
8
Q
_____________ Is the division of the lawmaking power among the three branches of government.
A
Separation of powers
9
Q
Companies may deduct the cost of advertising from their income tax. A) Moral B) Economic C) Political D) Social
A
B) Economic
10
Q
Law is defined as
A) Parenteau rules designed to correct behavior.
B) Rules and regulations made and enforced by government to regulate people’s conduct.
C) Tenets of moral conduct that all people should obey.
D) Classroom rules that students must follow
A
B) Laws and regulations made and enforced by government to regulate people’s conduct.
11
Q
Guarantees the fundamental rights and liberties of all Americans is the?
A
The bill of rights
12
Q
Which of the following statements about our legal system is to?
A) Our legal system protects basic human rights.
B) Our legal system represents the will of the minority.
C) Our legal system applies only to average citizens.
D) Our legal system ignores the rights of minorities.
A
A
13
Q
All students in the United States are provided with free public education through high school. This is what type of value? A) Moral B) Economic C) Political D) Social
A
D) Social
14
Q
The division of power between the states and the federal government is?
A
Federalism
15
Q
Laws can represent the will of the majority and still protect the rights of minorities.
A) True
B) False
A
A) True
16
Q
Rule of law means that even unfair laws must be obeyed.
A) True
B) False
A
B) False
17
Q
Which of the following is Human rights violation and also a violation of the US Constitution?
A) The government orders all citizens to join a church
B) The police enter the homes of all residents living in a high crime area and search for guns and drugs
C) The police torture a suspect into confessing to a crime
D) All of the above
A
D
18
Q
Human rights with for to rights of the unborn.
A) True
B) False
A
B
19
Q
The Universal declaration of human rights and the U.S. Constitution basically protect the same set of rights.
A) True
B) False
A
B
20
Q
Prostitution is against the law. A) Moral B) Economic C) Political D) Social
A
A) Moral
21
Q
The United States is sometimes criticized for having placed too great and in emphasis on the community, over the rights of the individual.
A) True
B) False
A
B
22
Q
____________Are laws and acted by legislatures.
A
Statutes
23
Q
Passing laws has a limited impact on solving drug and gang problems.
A) True
B) False
A
A
24
The law that determines who owns property after person dies without a will is based on economic values.
A) True
B) False
A
25
__________ are rights people have just because they are human beings.
Human rights
26
```
Requiring citizens to pay taxes based on this type of value.
A) Moral
B) Economic
C) Political
D) Social
```
B
27
The portion of "the Constitution and the Laws of the United States shall be the supreme law of the land" is what?
Supremacy clause
28
```
At age 18, people have a right to vote in presidential elections.
A) Moral
B) Economic
C) Political
D) Social
```
C) Political
29
The United States has ratified the covenant on economic, social and cultural rights, as well as the convention on the rights of the child.
A) True
B) False
B
30
Judges examine what the lawmakers meant by enacting a lot in order to interpret an unclear law is what?
Legislative intent
31
At times, cultural rights conflict with other universally accepted human rights.
A) True
B) False
A
32
_____________Is the set of rules or regulations by which a government regulates the conduct of people within a society.
Law
33
Since Congress has criminalized certain drug activities, under the Supreme Clause states may not also criminalize these same drug activities.
A) True
B) False
B
34
```
Before issuing proposed regulations, agencies usually hold
A) Appeals.
B) Public hearings.
C) Trials.
D) Statutes
```
B
35
The United States must have this type of treaty in order to have another country return James to the United States to be tried for terrorism.
Extradition
36
```
Article VI is known as the ___________ clause.
A) religion
B) commerce
C) impeachment
D) supremacy
```
D
37
For the United States to be subject to an international treaty,
A) The US delegate to the United Nations must vote yes on the treaty
B) The president must sign it
C) Congress must approve it by a simple majority and the president must sign it
D) The president must sign it and two thirds of the U.S. Senate must ratify it
D
38
```
According to the table, how many public bills were eventually enacted into law?
A) 398
B) 81
C) 712
D) 1
```
B
39
The job of an agency is to make the general law passed by the legislature much more specific.
A) True
B) False
A
40
A judge who interprets what the legislature means is determining what?
Legislative intent
41
Local governments passed laws or issue rules known as what?
Ordinances
42
State legislatures only have power to pass laws that apply within their boundaries.
A) True
B) False
A
43
```
__________ Are considered hidden lawmakers, making rules and regulations that affect business and industry.
A) Federal legislatures
B) State legislatures
C) Administrative agencies
D) The media
```
C
44
The government picks up trash and recycling every other Wednesday this is an example of statute.
A) True
B) False
B
45
A treaty is an agreement or contract between countries.
A) True
B) False
A
46
Under this authority, the Supreme Court struck down one states claim that there is a constitutional right to die.
Supremacy clause
47
The process in which one country ask another to surrender a suspended or convicted criminal is called what?
Extradition
48
The_______________ Establishes the US Constitution and federal laws as the supreme law of the land.
Supremacy clause
49
All legislation comes from Congress.
A) True
B) False
B
50
The law states that it is illegal for people to drive down the same street a few times in a 30-minute period. Since a few generally means three or four, this law is not vague.
A) True
B) False
B
51
The interpretation of Article VI of the U.S Constitution is that
A) State laws are superior to federal laws.
B) Federal laws are superior to state laws.
C) Federal laws and state laws are equal.
D) Local laws are city laws are superior to federal laws and state laws.
B
52
The local council passed an ordinance making it illegal for people to gesture in a way that makes other people feel uncomfortable. This ordinance is
A) legal.
B) enforceable.
C) beyond the power of the local council to enact.
D) vague, and therefore unenforceable.
D
53
Precedent is only established by the U.S Supreme Court.
A) True
B) False
B
54
```
The laws that US citizens are expected to obey come from
A) Congress
B) State Legislature
C) Administrative agencies
D) All of the Above
```
D
55
Who has the power to pass statutes binding on the people of every state?
Congress
56
```
According to the table, how many measures did the 109th Congress, second session, pass?
A) 472
B) 312
C) 398
D) 712
```
D
57
Court made law is what?
Precedent
58
According establishes an ____________ when its decisions on legal questions give direction to future cases on similar questions.
Extradition
59
The job of an agency is to make the general law passed by the legislature much more specific.
A) True
B) False
A
60
All Legislation comes from Congress.
A) True
B) False
B
61
Along with the U.S. Constitution, is the supreme law of the land is known as what?
Ratified treaties
62
```
Before issuing proposed regulations, agencies usually hold
A) appeals
B) public hearings
C) trials
D) statutes
```
B
63
```
According to the table, how many measures were introduced to the 109th Congress, second session?
A) 712
B) 4,123
C) 3,703
D) 370
```
C
64
Congress may only pass in those areas that it had been given the power to legislate.
A) True
B) False
A
65
Those who lobby the federal government must file reports four times a year in which the detail all but which of the following?
A) Who their clients are
B) The names of all legislators they have contacted
C) How much money they have spent lobbying
D) How much money they have been paid for their lobbying work
B
66
```
Which group won the right to vote in the United States most recently?
A) African Americans
B) women
C) Native Americans
D) 18-20 year olds
```
D
67
Which of the following is the best example of advocacy?
A) The city Council passes a law making it illegal to skateboard on the streets.
B) Tran is a paid signature gatherer. He collects 500 signatures for an initiative to ban the trapping of animals within the city limits.
C) Juan is unhappy that students skipping school are suspended as punishment. He host a meeting to organize a youth court In the school.
D) Tina is also unhappy with the way truancy is handled at school. She complains to her friends about it.
C
68
Campaign finance reform that passed in 2002 does each of the following EXCEPT______________.
A) Ban the use of soft money in federal campaigns.
B) Prohibit certain types of broadcast political ads.
C) Outlaw the socialization of campaign contributions on federal property.
D) Treat ads that advocate for clean environment or another issue as express campaign ads
D
69
```
Which of the following is an example of an initiative?
A) The citizens of one State have signed petitions to remove the governor from office.
B) The citizens of one State have signed petitions to require a small class sizes in schools.
C) the state legislature has passed a law that is contingent upon the voters' approval on Election Day.
D) a group of citizens has convinced a legislator to introduce a bill in the state legislature
```
B
70
Which of the following people is lobbying?
A) Juan Joins up picket line to protest unfair treatment at the plant.
B) High school student Jackie emails this state senator to urge him to vote for funding for the schools.
C) Hymie passes out literature on a candidate for judge.
D) Hattie works at the voting precinct on Election Day
B
71
```
Voting is a_____.
A) privilege
B) right
C) mandatory duty
D) experience
```
B
72
```
Which of the following example of a referendum?
A) The citizens of one state has signed petitions to their governor from office.
B) The citizens of one State have signed petitions to require small class sizes in schools.
C) The state legislature has passed a law that is contingent upon the voters' approval on election day.
D) a group of citizens has convinced a legislator to introduce a bill in the state legislature.
```
C
73
Grassroots lobbyists have what advantage over professional lobbyist?
A) More money behind them
B) Personal knowledge of their legislators and styles
C) Greater experience organizing support
D) Support by large numbers appeals to legislators' desire to please their constituents
D
74
What is not a requirement for registering to vote in the US elections?
A) The person must be 18 years old
B) The person must be a US citizen by birth or naturalization
C) The person must be a resident of the community in which he or she is registered
D) The person must speak English fluently
D
75
Which of the following describes meditation?
A) a neutral person set ground rules and helps both sides list their concerns and reach a resolution
B) The person listening to both sides decides how to solve the conflict
C) Both sides have a representative to solve the conflict
D) Both sides reach an agreement with out any outside help
A
76
```
Workers and management could not agree on how much employees would pay for medical care. Their labor agreement stated that this issue would go to a person who would hold of a hearing and then have the authority to decide it. This is an example of_________________.
A) court action
B) arbitration
C) negotiation
D) mediation
```
B
77
What is not a step in the preparation phase for negotiation?
A) Identify the conflict as clearly as possible
B) Develop a sincere interest in settling the problem
C) Resolve to settle the conflict even if the resolution feels unfair
D) Separate the demands from the interest
C
78
```
Malia complained to the better business bureau about one of the members stores. The store manager agreed to try to work out the problem with Malia, assisted by another person who would help both sides figure out a solution to the problem. This is called________.
A) court action
B) arbitration
C) mediation
D) negotiation
```
C
79
```
Ombudsperson are mostly used in what conflict resolution process?
A) negotiation
B) mediation
C) court action
D) arbitration
```
B
80
Dinah Was hurt in a car accident. Her attorney negotiates a settlement of $25,000. What are Dinah's options?
A) Dinah has the right to accept or reject any offer made in her case.
B) Dinah must accept the $25,000
C) Dinah's attorney has the right to accept or reject any offer made in this case.
D) Dinah may reject the $25,000 but she will have to get a new attorney.
A
81
One distinguishing feature of negotiation and meditation is that__________.
A) they involve an expert in solving the conflict
B) they use a formal process to ensure fairness
C) they focus on the pass conflict
D) they focus on the future relationship between the parties
D
82
```
Jamie, who is blind and uses a seeing eye dog, gets an eviction from her landlord, stating that she has violated the no pet rule. Jamie gets legal services to contact the landlord to help her work out a solution. This is an example of
A) arbitration
B) court action
C) meditation
D) negotiation
```
D
83
What is a disadvantage of going to court to solve a conflict?
A) Involvement of juries in court cases ensures that the community has a role in deciding what is fair.
B) The court process can take a long time and be very expensive
C) Having an attorney speak for the parties helps ensure that their wishes are clearly presented
D) Decision by courts can be enforced through the power of the government
B
84
```
Sam volunteered to buy tickets online for an upcoming concert for himself and his friend T'Andre. When T'Andre got sick and couldn't go he refused to pay for the ticket Sam had bought for him. Sam and T'Andre get together and talk about how they can resolve their dispute. This is an example of_____________.
A) mediation
B) arbitration
C) negotiation
D) court action
```
C
85
Everyone who loses a trial can appeal.
A) True
B) False
B
86
According to the graph, presidents appointed the same number of justices as President Clinton?
A) G.W. Bush, G. Bush, Johnson, and Kennedy
B) Eisenhower, Reagan, and Nixon
C) Eisenhower and Roosevelt
D) Truman and Reagan
A
87
The adversarial system means that the legal system is a contest between opposing sides.
A) True
B) False
A
88
```
The International Criminal Court created by the UN in 1988 has jurisdiction to try individuals for crimes such as
A) genocide
B) crimes against humanity
C) war crimes
D) all of the above
```
D
89
Only federal courts must follow US Supreme Court decisions.
A) True
B) False
B
90
The job of the judge includes
A) presiding over the trial
B) protecting the rights of those involved
C) making sure that the attorney's follow the rules
D) instructing the jury as to the law involved in the case
E) all of the above
E
91
```
The Supreme Court is made up _______ judge.
A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 11
```
C
92
```
Which president appointed the most justices to the US Supreme Court?
A) Nixon
B) Clinton
C) Roosevelt
D) Eisenhower
```
C
93
```
In which year did the Supreme Court hear the largest amount of cases?
A) 2005
B) 2000
C) 1985
D) 1995
```
A
94
```
In an appeals case only the ______ appear before the court.
A) lawyer
B) juries
C) witnesses
D) new evidence
```
A
95
```
How many cases did the Supreme Court hear in 1975?
A) 5,158
B) 1,849
C) 4,761
D) 8,965
```
C
96
Which of the following statements about the inquisitional system is true?
A) The jury has the sole responsibility for bringing out the evidence.
B) This system is the cornerstone of the American legal legal system.
C) According to this view, the goal of trial is "victory, not truth or justice."
D) The judge is active in questioning the witnesses
D
97
```
Both civil court and criminal courts
A) listen to testimony
B) consider evidence
C) decide the facts
D) all of the above
```
D
98
```
In what year did the Supreme Court give the most signed opinions?
A) 1995
B) 2000
C) 1995
D) 1985
```
D
99
```
The federal court system is divided into _______ federal judicial districts.
A) 72
B) 32
C) 56
D) 94
```
D
100
The defendant in a criminal case decides whether or not there will be a jury.
A) True
B) False
A
101
Most state court systems resemble the federal court in structure and procedure.
A) True
B) False
A
102
Precedent are set by appeals courts.
A) True
B) False
A
103
Most criminal cases are brought to trail.
A) True
B) False
B
104
Which statement is true about Native American group?
A) The law of the United States has no application to Native American groups.
B) Tribal groups have complete authority over their reservations.
C) The US government has delegated power to tribal groups to regulate various aspects of tribal life, including the environment.
D) Tribal law is the same for all reservations.
C
105
Parties argueing before the US Supreme Court only have 30 minutes to present their case to the justices.
A) True
B) False
A
106
```
Justices of the Supreme Court are nominated by the _____ and confirmed the _______.
A) Congress, President
B) President, House of Representatives
C) President, Senate
D) Senate, President
```
C
107
```
The Supreme Court case that established that the "desperate but equal" doctrine was unconstitutional was
A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Brown v. Board of Education
C) Gideon v. Wainwright
D) Madison v. Marbury
```
B
108
```
Justice Ramona Jones did not agree with the majority of the justices on the court and wrote a separate statement of her analysis. This is called a
A) precedent
B) majority opinion
C) dissenting opinion
D) friend of the court brief
```
C
109
```
If the United States government is a party to a case in the US Supreme Court the government is represented by
A) the Attorney General
B) The Office of the Solicitor General
C) a judge
D) a defense attorney
```
B
110
```
The Us Supreme Court only issues complete opinions on about _______ cases per year.
A) 50
B) 80
C) 120
D) 200
```
B
111
Tribal courts are governed exclusively by Federal law.
A) True
B) False
B
112
The qualifications to serve on the jury include
A) must be a US citizen
B) must be able to speak and understand English
C) a resident of the state
D) all of the above
D
113
The US Supreme Court can reverse earlier rules of law if the same law comes before it again in a new case.
A) True
B) False
A
114
Voir Dire is the process of questioning prospective jurors to see their suitability for a specific trial.
A) True
B) False
A
115
Everyone who loses a trial may appeal.
A) True
B) False
B
